1989 World History General Colin Powell (1937– ) U.S. Army Photos Dalai Lama (1935– ) Priscilla Lee Mikhail S. Gorbachev (1931– ) Novosti Photos George Bush (1924– ) The Republican National Committee 1989 U.S. planes shoot down two Libyan fighters over international waters in Mediterranean(Jan. 4).Emperor Hirohitoof Japan dead at 87(Jan. 7). George Herbert Walker Bushinaugurated as 41st U.S. president(Jan. 20).Iran's Ayatollah Khomeinideclares author Salman Rushdie's bookThe Satanic Versesoffensive and sentences him to death(Feb. 14).Ruptured tankerExxon Valdezsends 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound(March 24).Tens of thousands of Chinese students take over Beijing's Tiananmen Squarein rally for democracy (April 19et seq.). U.S. jury convicts Oliver Northin Iran-Contraaffair(May 4).More than one million in Beijing demonstrate for democracy; chaos spreads across nation (mid-Mayet seq.). Mikhail S. Gorbachevnamed Soviet president(May 25).Thousands killed in Tiananmen Square as Chinese leaders take hard line toward demonstrators (June 4et seq.). Army general Colin R. Powellis first black chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff(Aug. 9). P. W. Bothaquits as South Africa's president(Aug. 14).Voyager 2spacecraft speeds by Neptuneafter making startling discoveries about the planet and its moons(Aug. 29). Deng Xiaopingresigns from China's leadership(Nov. 9).After 28 years, Berlin Wallis open to West(Nov. 11).Czech Parliament ends Communists' dominant role(Nov. 30).Romanian uprising overthrows Communist government (Dec. 15et seq.); President Ceausescuand wife executed(Dec. 25).U.S. troops invade Panama, seeking capture of Gen. Manuel Noriega(Dec. 20);resistance to U.S. collapses(Dec. 24). Dalai Lamawins Nobel Peace Prize.