1900 – 1909 World History Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) Leo Baeck Inst./Archive Photos Henri Matisse (1869–1954) The Library of Congress Picture Collection W.E.B. Du Bois (1868–1963) The Library of Congress Picture Collection 1900 Hurricane ravages Galveston, Tex.; 6,000–8,000 dead. Fauvist movement in painting begins, led by Henri Matisse. Sigmund Freud'sThe Interpretation of Dreams. Carrie Chapman Cattsucceeds Susan B. Anthonyas president of National Woman Suffrage Association. 1901 Queen Victoriadies, and is succeeded by her son, Edward VII. As President McKinleybegins second term, he is shot fatallyby anarchist Leon Czolgosz. Theodore Rooseveltsworn in as successor. 1902 Enrico Caruso's first gramophone recording. Aswan Damcompleted. 1903 Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, fly first powered, controlled, heavier-than-air plane at Kitty Hawk, N.C. Henry Fordorganizes Ford Motor Company. The Boston Red Sox win the first World Seriesagainst the Pittsburgh Pirates. W.E.B. Du BoispublishesThe Souls of Black Folk. 1904 Russo-Japanese War begins—competition for Korea and Manchuria.Entente Cordiale:Britain and France settle their international differences. General theory of radioactivity by Rutherford and Soddy. New York City subway opens. 1905 In Russo-Japanese War, Port Arthur surrenders to Japanese; Russia suffers other defeats. President Roosevelt mediates Treaty of Portsmouth, N.H., which recognizes Japan's control of Korea and restores southern Manchuria to China. The Russian Revolutionof 1905 begins on “Bloody Sunday” when troops fire onto a defenseless group of demonstrators in St. Petersburg. Strikes and riots follow. Sailors on battleshipPotemkinmutiny; reforms, including first Duma (parliament), established by Czar Nicholas II's “October Manifesto.” Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity and other key theories in physics. Franz Lehar'sMerry Widow. 1906 San Francisco earthquakeand three-day fire; more than 500 dead. Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer, fixes magnetic North Pole. 1907 Second Hague Peace Conference, of 46 nations, adopts 10 conventions on rules of war. Financial panic of 1907in U.S. Mahlerbegins work on “Song of the Earth.” Oklahoma becomes 46th state. Picasso'sLes Demoiselles d'Avignonintroduces cubism. 1908 Earthquake kills 150,000 in southern Italy and Sicily. U.S. Supreme Court, in Danbury Hatters' case, outlaws secondary union boycotts. Model T produced by Ford Motor Company. 1909 North Pole reportedly reached by American explorers Robert E. Pearyand Matthew Henson. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peopleis founded in New York by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by W.E.B. Du Bois.