বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলন দিবস ২রা মার্চ

All Nobel Prizes (1901-1904): 1904 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1904 Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt) "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904 Sir William Ramsay "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904 Frédéric Mistral "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist" José Echegaray y Eizaguirre "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama" The Nobel Peace Prize 1904 Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law) 1903 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 Antoine Henri Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" Pierre CurieandMarie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903 Svante August Arrhenius "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1903 Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit" The Nobel Peace Prize 1903 William Randal Cremer 1902 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1902 Hendrik Antoon LorentzandPieter Zeeman "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 Hermann Emil Fischer "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902 Ronald Ross "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1902 Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A history of Rome" The Nobel Peace Prize 1902 Élie Ducommun Charles Albert Gobat 1901 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901 Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 Emil Adolf von Behring "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1901 Sully Prudhomme "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect" The Nobel Peace Prize 1901 Jean Henry Dunant Frédéric Passy. By nobelprize.org

All Nobel Prizes (1905-1910): 1910 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910 Otto Wallach "in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910 Albrecht Kossel "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1910 Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories" The Nobel Peace Prize 1910 Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau) 1909 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909 Guglielmo MarconiandKarl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909 Wilhelm Ostwald "in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909 Emil Theodor Kocher "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1909 Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings" The Nobel Peace Prize 1909 Auguste Marie François Beernaert Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque 1908 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1908 Gabriel Lippmann "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 Ernest Rutherford "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 Ilya Ilyich MechnikovandPaul Ehrlich "in recognition of their work on immunity" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1908 Rudolf Christoph Eucken "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life" The Nobel Peace Prize 1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer 1907 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907 Eduard Buchner "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907 Rudyard Kipling "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author" The Nobel Peace Prize 1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta Louis Renault 1906 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906 Joseph John Thomson "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906 Henri Moissan "in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906 Camillo GolgiandSantiago Ramón y Cajal "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906 Giosuè Carducci "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces" The Nobel Peace Prize 1906 Theodore Roosevelt 1905 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1905 Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard "for his work on cathode rays" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905 Robert Koch "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer" The Nobel Peace Prize 1905 Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau

All Nobel Prizes (1911-1915): 1915 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1915 Sir William Henry BraggandWilliam Lawrence Bragg "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915 Richard Martin Willstätter "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1915 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1915 Romain Rolland "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings" The Nobel Peace Prize 1915 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1914 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1914 Max von Laue "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914 Theodore William Richards "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914 Robert Bárány "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1914 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1914 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1913 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913 Alfred Werner "in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913 Charles Robert Richet "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 Rabindranath Tagore "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West" The Nobel Peace Prize 1913 Henri La Fontaine 1912 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalén "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912 Victor Grignard "for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry" Paul Sabatier "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912 Alexis Carrel "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1912 Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art" The Nobel Peace Prize 1912 Elihu Root 1911 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1911 Wilhelm Wien "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 Marie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911 Allvar Gullstrand "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1911 Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers'own feelings and stimulate their imaginations" The Nobel Peace Prize 1911 Tobias Michael Carel Asser Alfred Hermann Fried

All Nobel Prizes (1916-1921): 1921 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 Albert Einstein "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 Frederick Soddy "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1921 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921 Anatole France "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament" The Nobel Peace Prize 1921 Karl Hjalmar Branting Christian Lous Lange 1920 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920 Walther Hermann Nernst "in recognition of his work in thermochemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920 Schack August Steenberg Krogh "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1920 Knut Pedersen Hamsun "for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil" The Nobel Peace Prize 1920 Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois 1919 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 Johannes Stark "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1919 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919 Jules Bordet "for his discoveries relating to immunity" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1919 Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler "in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring" The Nobel Peace Prize 1919 Thomas Woodrow Wilson 1918 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1918 Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918 Fritz Haber "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1918 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1918 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1918 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1917 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1917 Charles Glover Barkla "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1917 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1917 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1917 Karl Adolph Gjellerup "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals" Henrik Pontoppidan "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark" The Nobel Peace Prize 1917 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) 1916 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1916 Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1916 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

All Nobel Prizes (1922-1927): 1927 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 Arthur Holly Compton "for his discovery of the effect named after him" Charles Thomson Rees Wilson "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927 Heinrich Otto Wieland "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1927 Henri Bergson "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented" The Nobel Peace Prize 1927 Ferdinand Buisson Ludwig Quidde 1926 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926 The (Theodor) Svedberg "for his work on disperse systems" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926 Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926 Grazia Deledda "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general" The Nobel Peace Prize 1926 Aristide Briand Gustav Stresemann 1925 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1925 James FranckandGustav Ludwig Hertz "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy "for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1925 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1925 George Bernard Shaw "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty" The Nobel Peace Prize 1925 Sir Austen Chamberlain Charles Gates Dawes 1924 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1924 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924 Willem Einthoven "for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1924 Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont "for his great national epic, The Peasants" The Nobel Peace Prize 1924 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1923 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923 Fritz Pregl "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923 Frederick Grant BantingandJohn James Rickard Macleod "for the discovery of insulin" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1923 William Butler Yeats "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation" The Nobel Peace Prize 1923 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1922 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Niels Henrik David Bohr "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922 Francis William Aston "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922 Archibald Vivian Hill "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle" Otto Fritz Meyerhof "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1922 Jacinto Benavente "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama" The Nobel Peace Prize 1922 Fridtjof Nansen

All Nobel Prizes (1928-1934): 1934 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1934 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934 Harold Clayton Urey "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 George Hoyt Whipple,George Richards MinotandWilliam Parry Murphy "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934 Luigi Pirandello "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art" The Nobel Peace Prize 1934 Arthur Henderson 1933 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 Erwin SchrödingerandPaul Adrien Maurice Dirac "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1933 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933 Thomas Hunt Morgan "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933 Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing" The Nobel Peace Prize 1933 Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane) 1932 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932 Werner Karl Heisenberg "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932 Irving Langmuir "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932 Sir Charles Scott SherringtonandEdgar Douglas Adrian "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1932 John Galsworthy "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga " The Nobel Peace Prize 1932 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1931 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1931 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931 Carl BoschandFriedrich Bergius "in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931 Otto Heinrich Warburg "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1931 Erik Axel Karlfeldt "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt" The Nobel Peace Prize 1931 Jane Addams Nicholas Murray Butler 1930 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930 Hans Fischer "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930 Karl Landsteiner "for his discovery of human blood groups" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1930 Sinclair Lewis "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters" The Nobel Peace Prize 1930 Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom 1929 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929 Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929 Arthur HardenandHans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929 Christiaan Eijkman "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin" Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1929 Thomas Mann "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1929 Frank Billings Kellogg 1928 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928 Owen Willans Richardson "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928 Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus "for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928 Charles Jules Henri Nicolle "for his work on typhus" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1928 Sigrid Undset "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages" The Nobel Peace Prize 1928 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.

All Nobel Prizes (1935-1940): 1940 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1940 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1939 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939 Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt "for his work on sex hormones" Leopold Ruzicka "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939 Gerhard Domagk "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1939 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1938 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938 Enrico Fermi "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938 Richard Kuhn "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938 Corneille Jean François Heymans "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1938 Pearl Buck "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces" The Nobel Peace Prize 1938 Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees) 1937 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937 Clinton Joseph DavissonandGeorge Paget Thomson "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937 Walter Norman Haworth "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C" Paul Karrer "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937 Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1937 Roger Martin du Gard "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault " The Nobel Peace Prize 1937 Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil) 1936 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1936 Victor Franz Hess "for his discovery of cosmic radiation" Carl David Anderson "for his discovery of the positron" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye "for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936 Sir Henry Hallett DaleandOtto Loewi "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1936 Eugene Gladstone O'Neill "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy" The Nobel Peace Prize 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1935 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935 James Chadwick "for the discovery of the neutron" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 Frédéric JoliotandIrène Joliot-Curie "in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935 Hans Spemann "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1935 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1935 Carl von Ossietzky

All Nobel Prizes (1941-1945): 1945 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1945 Wolfgang Pauli "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 Sir Alexander Fleming,Ernst Boris ChainandSir Howard Walter Florey "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 Gabriela Mistral "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world" The Nobel Peace Prize 1945 Cordell Hull 1944 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944 Otto Hahn "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944 Joseph ErlangerandHerbert Spencer Gasser "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1944 Johannes Vilhelm Jensen "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style" The Nobel Peace Prize 1944 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) 1943 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1943 Otto Stern "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943 George de Hevesy "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943 Henrik Carl Peter Dam "for his discovery of vitamin K" Edward Adelbert Doisy "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1943 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1943 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1942 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1942 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1941 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Prize in Literature 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. The Nobel Peace Prize 1941 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

All Nobel Prizes (1946-1950): 1950 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950 Cecil Frank Powell "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950 Otto Paul Hermann DielsandKurt Alder "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950 Edward Calvin Kendall,Tadeus ReichsteinandPhilip Showalter Hench "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1950 Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought" The Nobel Peace Prize 1950 Ralph Bunche 1949 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1949 Hideki Yukawa "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949 William Francis Giauque "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949 Walter Rudolf Hess "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs" Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1949 William Faulkner "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel" The Nobel Peace Prize 1949 Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin 1948 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948 Paul Hermann Müller "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948 Thomas Stearns Eliot "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry" The Nobel Peace Prize 1948 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1947 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947 Sir Robert Robinson "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947 Carl Ferdinand CoriandGerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" Bernardo Alberto Houssay "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947 André Paul Guillaume Gide "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight" The Nobel Peace Prize 1947 Friends Service Council (The Quakers) American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers) 1946 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 James Batcheller Sumner "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" John Howard NorthropandWendell Meredith Stanley "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946 Hermann Joseph Muller "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1946 Hermann Hesse "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style" The Nobel Peace Prize 1946 Emily Greene Balch John Raleigh Mott

All Nobel Prizes (1951-1956): 1956 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 William Bradford Shockley,John BardeenandWalter Houser Brattain "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956 Sir Cyril Norman HinshelwoodandNikolay Nikolaevich Semenov "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956 André Frédéric Cournand,Werner ForssmannandDickinson W. Richards "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity" The Nobel Peace Prize 1956 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1955 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum" Polykarp Kusch "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955 Vincent du Vigneaud "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955 Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1955 Halldór Kiljan Laxness "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland" The Nobel Peace Prize 1955 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1954 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 Max Born "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" Walther Bothe "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 Linus Carl Pauling "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954 John Franklin Enders,Thomas Huckle WellerandFrederick Chapman Robbins "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954 Ernest Miller Hemingway "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style" The Nobel Peace Prize 1954 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1953 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1953 Frits (Frederik) Zernike "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953 Hermann Staudinger "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953 Hans Adolf Krebs "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" Fritz Albert Lipmann "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values" The Nobel Peace Prize 1953 George Catlett Marshall 1952 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1952 Felix BlochandEdward Mills Purcell "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952 Archer John Porter MartinandRichard Laurence Millington Synge "for their invention of partition chromatography" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952 Selman Abraham Waksman "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1952 François Mauriac "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life" The Nobel Peace Prize 1952 Albert Schweitzer 1951 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1951 Sir John Douglas CockcroftandErnest Thomas Sinton Walton "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951 Edwin Mattison McMillanandGlenn Theodore Seaborg "for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951 Max Theiler "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1951 Pär Fabian Lagerkvist "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind" The Nobel Peace Prize 1951 Léon Jouhaux

All Nobel Prizes (1957-1962): 1962 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962 Lev Davidovich Landau "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962 Max Ferdinand PerutzandJohn Cowdery Kendrew "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 Francis Harry Compton Crick,James Dewey WatsonandMaurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 John Steinbeck "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception" The Nobel Peace Prize 1962 Linus Carl Pauling 1961 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 Robert Hofstadter "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961 Melvin Calvin "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 Georg von Békésy "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961 Ivo Andric "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country" The Nobel Peace Prize 1961 Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld 1960 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser "for the invention of the bubble chamber" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 Willard Frank Libby "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane BurnetandPeter Brian Medawar "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960 Saint-John Perse "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time" The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 Albert John Lutuli 1959 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 Emilio Gino SegrèandOwen Chamberlain "for their discovery of the antiproton" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovsky "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 Severo OchoaandArthur Kornberg "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times" The Nobel Peace Prize 1959 Philip J. Noel-Baker 1958 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov,Il´ja Mikhailovich FrankandIgor Yevgenyevich Tamm "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 Frederick Sanger "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 George Wells BeadleandEdward Lawrie Tatum "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" Joshua Lederberg "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 Boris Leonidovich Pasternak "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" The Nobel Peace Prize 1958 Georges Pire 1957 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 Chen Ning YangandTsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957 Lord (Alexander R.) Todd "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 Daniel Bovet "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957 Albert Camus "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times" The Nobel Peace Prize 1957 Lester Bowles Pearson

All Nobel Prizes (1963-1966): 1966 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966 Alfred Kastler "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966 Robert S. Mulliken "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 Peyton Rous "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses" Charles Brenton Huggins "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people" Nelly Sachs "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength" The Nobel Peace Prize 1966 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1965 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga,Julian SchwingerandRichard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 Robert Burns Woodward "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 François Jacob,André LwoffandJacques Monod "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people" The Nobel Peace Prize 1965 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1964 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 Charles Hard Townes,Nicolay Gennadiyevich BasovandAleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964 Konrad BlochandFeodor Lynen "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age" The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 Martin Luther King Jr. 1963 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 Eugene Paul Wigner "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" Maria Goeppert MayerandJ. Hans D. Jensen "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 Karl ZieglerandGiulio Natta "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 Sir John Carew Eccles,Alan Lloyd HodgkinandAndrew Fielding Huxley "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963 Giorgos Seferis "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture" The Nobel Peace Prize 1963 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)

All Nobel Prizes (1967-1971): 1971 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 Dennis Gabor "for his invention and development of the holographic method" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Gerhard Herzberg "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971 Pablo Neruda "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams" The Nobel Peace Prize 1971 Willy Brandt The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1971 Simon Kuznets "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development" 1970 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén "for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro- dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics" Louis Eugène Félix Néel "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 Luis F. Leloir "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 Sir Bernard Katz,Ulf von EulerandJulius Axelrod "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1970 Norman E. Borlaug The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1970 Paul A. Samuelson "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science" 1969 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 Murray Gell-Mann "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 Derek H. R. BartonandOdd Hassel "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 Max Delbrück,Alfred D. HersheyandSalvador E. Luria "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969 Samuel Beckett "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation" The Nobel Peace Prize 1969 International Labour Organization (I.L.O.) The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969 Ragnar FrischandJan Tinbergen "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes" 1968 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 Luis Walter Alvarez "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 Lars Onsager "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 Robert W. Holley,Har Gobind KhoranaandMarshall W. Nirenberg "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968 Yasunari Kawabata "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind" The Nobel Peace Prize 1968 René Cassin 1967 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 Manfred Eigen,Ronald George Wreyford NorrishandGeorge Porter "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 Ragnar Granit,Haldan Keffer HartlineandGeorge Wald "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967 Miguel Angel Asturias "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America" The Nobel Peace Prize 1967 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

All Nobel Prizes (1972-1975): 1975 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 Aage Niels Bohr,Ben Roy MottelsonandLeo James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 John Warcup Cornforth "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" Vladimir Prelog "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 David Baltimore,Renato DulbeccoandHoward Martin Temin "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975 Eugenio Montale "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions" The Nobel Peace Prize 1975 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975 Leonid Vitaliyevich KantorovichandTjalling C. Koopmans "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" 1974 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 Sir Martin RyleandAntony Hewish "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 Paul J. Flory "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 Albert Claude,Christian de DuveandGeorge E. Palade "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 Eyvind Johnson "for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom" Harry Martinson "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos" The Nobel Peace Prize 1974 Seán MacBride Eisaku Sato The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974 Gunnar MyrdalandFriedrich August von Hayek "for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena" 1973 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 Leo EsakiandIvar Giaever "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively" Brian David Josephson "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 Ernst Otto FischerandGeoffrey Wilkinson "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 Karl von Frisch,Konrad LorenzandNikolaas Tinbergen "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 Patrick White "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1973 Henry A. Kissinger Le Duc Tho The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973 Wassily Leontief "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems" 1972 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 John Bardeen,Leon Neil CooperandJohn Robert Schrieffer "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" Stanford MooreandWilliam H. Stein "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 Gerald M. EdelmanandRodney R. Porter "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972 Heinrich Böll "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1972 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1972 John R. HicksandKenneth J. Arrow "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"

All Nobel Prizes (1976-1979): 1979 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow,Abdus SalamandSteven Weinberg "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 Herbert C. BrownandGeorg Wittig "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 Allan M. CormackandGodfrey N. Hounsfield "for the development of computer assisted tomography" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979 Odysseus Elytis "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness" The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 Mother Teresa The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979 Theodore W. SchultzandSir Arthur Lewis "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries" 1978 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" Arno Allan PenziasandRobert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 Peter D. Mitchell "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 Werner Arber,Daniel NathansandHamilton O. Smith "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life" The Nobel Peace Prize 1978 Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat Menachem Begin The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978 Herbert A. Simon "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" 1977 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 Philip Warren Anderson,Sir Nevill Francis MottandJohn Hasbrouck van Vleck "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 Ilya Prigogine "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 Roger GuilleminandAndrew V. Schally "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" Rosalyn Yalow "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977 Vicente Aleixandre "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars" The Nobel Peace Prize 1977 Amnesty International The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1977 Bertil OhlinandJames E. Meade "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements" 1976 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 Burton RichterandSamuel Chao Chung Ting "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 William N. Lipscomb "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 Baruch S. BlumbergandD. Carleton Gajdusek "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 Saul Bellow "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work" The Nobel Peace Prize 1976 Betty Williams Mairead Corrigan The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976 Milton Friedman "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"

All Nobel Prizes (1980-1983): 1983 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars" William Alfred Fowler "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983 Henry Taube "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 Barbara McClintock "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983 William Golding "for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today" The Nobel Peace Prize 1983 Lech Walesa The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983 Gerard Debreu "for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium" 1982 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 Aaron Klug "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982 Sune K. Bergström,Bengt I. SamuelssonandJohn R. Vane "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1982 Gabriel García Márquez "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts" The Nobel Peace Prize 1982 Alva Myrdal Alfonso García Robles The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1982 George J. Stigler "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation" 1981 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1981 Nicolaas BloembergenandArthur Leonard Schawlow "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy" Kai M. Siegbahn "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 Kenichi FukuiandRoald Hoffmann "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981 Roger W. Sperry "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres" David H. HubelandTorsten N. Wiesel "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1981 Elias Canetti "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power" The Nobel Peace Prize 1981 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1981 James Tobin "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices" 1980 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980 James Watson CroninandVal Logsdon Fitch "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 Paul Berg "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" Walter GilbertandFrederick Sanger "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980 Baruj Benacerraf,Jean DaussetandGeorge D. Snell "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1980 Czeslaw Milosz "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts" The Nobel Peace Prize 1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1980 Lawrence R. Klein "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"

All Nobel Prizes (1984-1987): 1987 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 J. Georg BednorzandK. Alexander Müller "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987 Donald J. Cram,Jean-Marie LehnandCharles J. Pedersen "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987 Susumu Tonegawa "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987 Joseph Brodsky "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity" The Nobel Peace Prize 1987 Oscar Arias Sánchez "for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1987 Robert M. Solow "for his contributions to the theory of economic growth" 1986 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 Ernst Ruska "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope" Gerd BinnigandHeinrich Rohrer "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 Dudley R. Herschbach,Yuan T. LeeandJohn C. Polanyi "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986 Stanley CohenandRita Levi-Montalcini "for their discoveries of growth factors" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986 Wole Soyinka "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence" The Nobel Peace Prize 1986 Elie Wiesel The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1986 James M. Buchanan Jr. "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making" 1985 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1985 Klaus von Klitzing "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 Herbert A. HauptmanandJerome Karle "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 Michael S. BrownandJoseph L. Goldstein "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1985 Claude Simon "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition" The Nobel Peace Prize 1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1985 Franco Modigliani "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets" 1984 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984 Carlo RubbiaandSimon van der Meer "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984 Robert Bruce Merrifield "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 Niels K. Jerne,Georges J.F. KöhlerandCésar Milstein "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1984 Jaroslav Seifert "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man" The Nobel Peace Prize 1984 Desmond Mpilo Tutu The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1984 Richard Stone "for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"

All Nobel Prizes (1988-1991): 1991 TheNobelPrizein Physics 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" TheNobelPrizein Chemistry 1991 Richard R. Ernst "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" TheNobelPrizein Physiology or Medicine 1991 Erwin NeherandBert Sakmann "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991 Nadine Gordimer "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity" The Nobel Peace Prize 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991 Ronald H. Coase "for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy" 1990 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1990 Jerome I. Friedman,Henry W. KendallandRichard E. Taylor "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990 Elias James Corey "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990 Joseph E. MurrayandE. Donnall Thomas "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990 Octavio Paz "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity" The Nobel Peace Prize 1990 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990 Harry M. Markowitz,Merton H. MillerandWilliam F. Sharpe "for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics" 1989 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989 Norman F. Ramsey "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks" Hans G. DehmeltandWolfgang Paul "for the development of the ion trap technique" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 Sidney AltmanandThomas R. Cech "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989 J. Michael BishopandHarold E. Varmus "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1989 Camilo José Cela "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability" The Nobel Peace Prize 1989 The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1989 Trygve Haavelmo "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures" 1988 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 Leon M. Lederman,Melvin SchwartzandJack Steinberger "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988 Johann Deisenhofer,Robert HuberandHartmut Michel "for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 Sir James W. Black,Gertrude B. ElionandGeorge H. Hitchings "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1988 Naguib Mahfouz "who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind" The Nobel Peace Prize 1988 United Nations Peacekeeping Forces The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1988 Maurice Allais "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"

All Nobel Prizes (1992-1995): 1995 TheNobelPrizein Physics 1995 "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics" Martin L. Perl "for the discovery of the tau lepton" Frederick Reines "for the detection of the neutrino" TheNobelPrizein Chemistry 1995 Paul J. Crutzen,Mario J. MolinaandF. Sherwood Rowland "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone" TheNobelPrizein Physiology or Medicine 1995 Edward B. Lewis,Christiane Nüsslein-VolhardandEric F. Wieschaus "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development" TheNobelPrizein Literature 1995 Seamus Heaney "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past" TheNobelPeacePrize1995 Joseph RotblatandPugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms" The Sveriges RiksbankPrizein Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1995 Robert E. Lucas Jr. "for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy" 1994 TheNobelPrizein Physics 1994 "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" Bertram N. Brockhouse "for the development of neutron spectroscopy" Clifford G. Shull "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" TheNobelPrizein Chemistry 1994 George A. Olah "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" TheNobelPrizein Physiology or Medicine 1994 Alfred G. GilmanandMartin Rodbell "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" TheNobelPrizein Literature 1994 Kenzaburo Oe "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today" TheNobelPeacePrize1994 Yasser Arafat,Shimon PeresandYitzhak Rabin "for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East" The Sveriges RiksbankPrizein Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1994 John C. Harsanyi,John F. Nash Jr.andReinhard Selten "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games" 1993 TheNobelPrizein Physics 1993 Russell A. HulseandJoseph H. Taylor Jr. "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation" TheNobelPrizein Chemistry 1993 "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry" Kary B. Mullis "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method" Michael Smith "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies" TheNobelPrizein Physiology or Medicine 1993 Richard J. RobertsandPhillip A. Sharp "for their discoveries of split genes" TheNobelPrizein Literature 1993 Toni Morrison "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality" TheNobelPeacePrize1993 Nelson MandelaandFrederik Willem de Klerk "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa" The Sveriges RiksbankPrizein Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1993 Robert W. FogelandDouglass C. North "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change" 1992 TheNobelPrizein Physics 1992 Georges Charpak "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" TheNobelPrizein Chemistry 1992 Rudolph A. Marcus "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" TheNobelPrizein Physiology or Medicine 1992 Edmond H. FischerandEdwin G. Krebs "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism" TheNobelPrizein Literature 1992 Derek Walcott "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment" TheNobelPeacePrize1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples" The Sveriges RiksbankPrizein Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1992 Gary S. Becker "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"

Medical college admission care for this running education year 2013 results has been published today 6 october 2013. To get this admission result please log on dghs.gov.bd

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বাংলাদেশের প্রথম: প্রধানমন্ত্রী তাজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ; প্রসিডেন্ট বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; অস্থায়ী প্রেসিডেন্ট সৈয়দ নজরুল ইসলাম; মহিলা প্রধানমন্ত্রী বেগম খালেদা জিয়া; মহিলা বিরোধীদলীয় নেত্রী শেখ হাসিনা ।

কক্সবাজার সমুদ্র সৈকতের দৈর্ঘ্য ১২০ কিলোমিটার

All Nobel Prizes (1996-1999): 1999 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1999 Gerardus't HooftandMartinus J.G. Veltman "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 Günter Blobel "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1999 Günter Grass "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history" TheNobelPeace Prize 1999 Médecins Sans Frontières "in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1999 Robert A. Mundell "for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas" 1998 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1998 Robert B. Laughlin,Horst L. StörmerandDaniel C. Tsui "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1998 Walter Kohn "for his development of the density-functional theory" John A. Pople "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 Robert F. Furchgott,Louis J. IgnarroandFerid Murad "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1998 José Saramago "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality" TheNobelPeace Prize 1998 John HumeandDavid Trimble "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1998 Amartya Sen "for his contributions to welfare economics" 1997 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1997 Steven Chu,Claude Cohen-TannoudjiandWilliam D. Phillips "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1997 Paul D. BoyerandJohn E. Walker "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" Jens C. Skou "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1997 Dario Fo "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden" TheNobelPeace Prize 1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)andJody Williams "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1997 Robert C. MertonandMyron S. Scholes "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" 1996 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1996 David M. Lee,Douglas D. OsheroffandRobert C. Richardson "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1996 Robert F. Curl Jr.,Sir Harold W. KrotoandRichard E. Smalley "for their discovery of fullerenes" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 Peter C. DohertyandRolf M. Zinkernagel "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1996 Wislawa Szymborska "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality" TheNobelPeace Prize 1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes BeloandJosé Ramos-Horta "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1996 James A. MirrleesandWilliam Vickrey "for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"

All Nobel Prizes (2000-2002): 2002 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2002 Raymond Davis Jr.andMasatoshi Koshiba "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos" Riccardo Giacconi "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2002 "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules" John B. FennandKoichi Tanaka "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" Kurt Wüthrich "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 Sydney Brenner,H. Robert HorvitzandJohn E. Sulston "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2002 Imre Kertész "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history" TheNobelPeace Prize 2002 Jimmy Carter "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2002 Daniel Kahneman "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty" Vernon L. Smith "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms" 2001 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2001 Eric A. Cornell,Wolfgang KetterleandCarl E. Wieman "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2001 William S. KnowlesandRyoji Noyori "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" K. Barry Sharpless "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 Leland H. Hartwell,Tim HuntandSir Paul M. Nurse "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2001 Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories" TheNobelPeace Prize 2001 United Nations (U.N.)andKofi Annan "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2001 George A. Akerlof,A. Michael SpenceandJoseph E. Stiglitz "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" 2000 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2000 "for basic work on information and communication technology" Zhores I. AlferovandHerbert Kroemer "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics" Jack S. Kilby "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2000 Alan J. Heeger,Alan G. MacDiarmidandHideki Shirakawa "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 Arvid Carlsson,Paul GreengardandEric R. Kandel "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2000 Gao Xingjian "for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama" TheNobelPeace Prize 2000 Kim Dae-jung "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2000 James J. Heckman "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples" Daniel L. McFadden "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"

All Nobel Prizes (2003-2005): 2005 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2005 Roy J. Glauber "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence" John L. HallandTheodor W. Hänsch "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2005 Yves Chauvin,Robert H. GrubbsandRichard R. Schrock "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2005 Barry J. MarshallandJ. Robin Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2005 Harold Pinter "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms" TheNobelPeace Prize 2005 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)andMohamed ElBaradei "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2005 Robert J. AumannandThomas C. Schelling "for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis" 2004 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2004 David J. Gross,H. David PolitzerandFrank Wilczek "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2004 Aaron Ciechanover,Avram HershkoandIrwin Rose "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 Richard AxelandLinda B. Buck "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2004 Elfriede Jelinek "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power" TheNobelPeace Prize 2004 Wangari Muta Maathai "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2004 Finn E. KydlandandEdward C. Prescott "for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles" 2003 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov,Vitaly L. GinzburgandAnthony J. Leggett "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2003 "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes" Peter Agre "for the discovery of water channels" Roderick MacKinnon "for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 Paul C. LauterburandSir Peter Mansfield "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2003 John M. Coetzee "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider" TheNobelPeace Prize 2003 Shirin Ebadi "for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2003 Robert F. Engle III "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)" Clive W.J. Granger "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"