All Nobel Prizes (1996-1999): 1999 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1999 Gerardus't HooftandMartinus J.G. Veltman "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 Günter Blobel "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1999 Günter Grass "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history" TheNobelPeace Prize 1999 Médecins Sans Frontières "in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1999 Robert A. Mundell "for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas" 1998 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1998 Robert B. Laughlin,Horst L. StörmerandDaniel C. Tsui "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1998 Walter Kohn "for his development of the density-functional theory" John A. Pople "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1998 Robert F. Furchgott,Louis J. IgnarroandFerid Murad "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1998 José Saramago "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality" TheNobelPeace Prize 1998 John HumeandDavid Trimble "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1998 Amartya Sen "for his contributions to welfare economics" 1997 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1997 Steven Chu,Claude Cohen-TannoudjiandWilliam D. Phillips "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1997 Paul D. BoyerandJohn E. Walker "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" Jens C. Skou "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1997 Dario Fo "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden" TheNobelPeace Prize 1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)andJody Williams "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1997 Robert C. MertonandMyron S. Scholes "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" 1996 TheNobelPrize in Physics 1996 David M. Lee,Douglas D. OsheroffandRobert C. Richardson "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 1996 Robert F. Curl Jr.,Sir Harold W. KrotoandRichard E. Smalley "for their discovery of fullerenes" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 1996 Peter C. DohertyandRolf M. Zinkernagel "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence" TheNobelPrize in Literature 1996 Wislawa Szymborska "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality" TheNobelPeace Prize 1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes BeloandJosé Ramos-Horta "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel1996 James A. MirrleesandWilliam Vickrey "for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"
All Nobel Prizes (2000-2002): 2002 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2002 Raymond Davis Jr.andMasatoshi Koshiba "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos" Riccardo Giacconi "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2002 "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules" John B. FennandKoichi Tanaka "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules" Kurt Wüthrich "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 Sydney Brenner,H. Robert HorvitzandJohn E. Sulston "for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2002 Imre Kertész "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history" TheNobelPeace Prize 2002 Jimmy Carter "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2002 Daniel Kahneman "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty" Vernon L. Smith "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms" 2001 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2001 Eric A. Cornell,Wolfgang KetterleandCarl E. Wieman "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2001 William S. KnowlesandRyoji Noyori "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions" K. Barry Sharpless "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 Leland H. Hartwell,Tim HuntandSir Paul M. Nurse "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2001 Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories" TheNobelPeace Prize 2001 United Nations (U.N.)andKofi Annan "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2001 George A. Akerlof,A. Michael SpenceandJoseph E. Stiglitz "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" 2000 TheNobelPrize in Physics 2000 "for basic work on information and communication technology" Zhores I. AlferovandHerbert Kroemer "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics" Jack S. Kilby "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" TheNobelPrize in Chemistry 2000 Alan J. Heeger,Alan G. MacDiarmidandHideki Shirakawa "for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" TheNobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine 2000 Arvid Carlsson,Paul GreengardandEric R. Kandel "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system" TheNobelPrize in Literature 2000 Gao Xingjian "for an æuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama" TheNobelPeace Prize 2000 Kim Dae-jung "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular" The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of AlfredNobel2000 James J. Heckman "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples" Daniel L. McFadden "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"
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