Continent and Countries ...... Asia Area17,212,000 sq. km Number of Countries44 countries Highest pointMount Everest, Nepal Lowest pointDead Sea, Israel Most Populous CityShanghai, China South America Area6,880,000 sq. km Number of Countries12 countries Highest pointAconcagua, Argentina Lowest pointLaguna del Carbón, Argentina Most Populous CitySao Paulo, Brazil North America Area9,365,000 sq. km Number of Countries23 countries Highest pointMount McKinley, USA Lowest pointDeath Valley, USA Most Populous CityMexico City, Mexico Africa Area11,608,000 sq. km Number of Countries54 countries Highest pointMount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Lowest pointLake Assal,Djibouti Most Populous CityLagos, Nigeria Europe Area3,837,000 sq. km Number of Countries47 countries Highest pointMount Elbrus, Russia Lowest pointCaspian Sea, Russia Most Populous CityMoscow, Russia Antarctica Area5,100,000 sq. km Number of Countries0 countries Highest pointVinson Massif, Antarctica Lowest pointDeep Lake, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica Most Populous CityVilla Las Estrellas, Chilean claim Australia Area2,968,000 sq. km Number of Countries14 countries Highest pointPuncak Jaya, Papua Province Lowest pointLake Eyre, Australia Most Populous CitySydney, Australia Other Facts..... *.Canada has more lakes than all the other countries of the world combined. *.Kazakistan is the largest landlocked country in the world *.France covers the most time zones, covering 12 time zones *.Most overweight population found in Nauru *.Mongolia is the least densely populated country on Earth with 4 people per square mile *.Saudi Arabia has no river *.Suriname is the most jungle covered country in the world, with 91% of its land covered in jungle *.Papua New Guinea with 820 languages are spoken, is the most languages spoken country in world *.The country with the most neighbors is Russia with 16 neighbors *.New Zealand is the first country that gave women the right to vote in 1893 *.The country with the longest shoreline measuring 202,080 km is Canada *.Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan is the only two countries in the world which are doubly landlocked *.Vatican is the only country where there was no birth in 1983 *.Singapore is the largest country without any farms. *.Nauru is the only country in the world with no official capital *.There are more post offices in India than anywhere else in the world *.New Zealand is the only country which has every climate in the world

First in the World: Sgnificance Achiver Asian city to host Olympics Tokyo, Japan, 1964 Athlete disqualified at the Olympics for drug use Hans-Gunnar Lijenwall, Mexico Olympics, 1968 Blind person to conquer the Everest Erik Weihenmayer, USA, 2001 Cricket Club Cricket club founded in Hambledon, England Country to Print Books China Country to issue paper currency China Country to start Civil Service Competition China Country to make education compulsory Prussia Country to win World Cup football Uruguay Country to make a constitution USA Country to Organize NAM Summit Belgrade Country to send human to Moon USA Country to launch satellite into space Russia Country to host modern Olympics Greece Country to launch Radio Telescope Satellite into space Japan European to visit China Marco Polo Man to climb Mt Everest Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, 1953 Man to reach North Pole Robert Peary Man to reach South Pole Ronald Amundsen Man to Fly an aeroplan Wright Brothers Man to sail around the World Ferdinand Magellan Man to set foot on the Moon Neil Armstrong Man to go to the space Major Yuri Gagarin Man to draw the map of Earth Anexemander Man to compile Encyclopedia Aspheosis Man to win Nobel Prize in Literature Rene FA and Silt Pradhom Man to win Nobel Prize in Peace Jin F Dunant nad Frederic Peiry Man to win Nobel Prize in Physics WK Roentgen Man to win Nobel Prize in Chemistry JH Wenthoff Man to win Nobel Prize in Medicine AE Wonn Behring Man to win Nobel Prize in Economics Ranger Fish and John Tinbergen Man to sail around the World alone Joshua Slocum Man tourist in Space Dennis Tito Man to have climbed Mount Everest Twice Nawang Gombu Man Oscar winner for the Best Actor Emil Jannings, 1928 Man to win Tour de France Maurice Garin, 1903 Man boxing champion Tim Hyer, 1841 Man chess champion Wilhelm Steinitz, 1886 Man to walk in space Alexei Arkhovich Leonov, 1965 Man heart transplant was per formed by Dr. Christian Barnard, 1967 Man heart transplant recipient Louis Washkansky, 1967 Man to fly solo non stop across the Atlantic Charles Lindbergh, 1927 Man to swim across the English Channel Matthew Webb, 1875 Man to fly solo nonstop around the world in ballon Steve Fossett, U.S., 2002 Man to cross the Pacific Ocean in hot air balloon Ben Abruzzo and team in the Double Eagle V Movie in the world The jazz Singer , 1927 Parkinson’s disease was first described by James Parkinson, British neurologist, 1817 Religion of the world Santosh Dharma Recipient of a permanent artificial heart Barney Clark, 1982 Secretary General of UN Trigve Li Space shuttle launched Colombia Space ship landed on Moon Viking-1 Space vehicle to land on the moon Lunar Exploration Module (LEM) Woman tourist in Space Mrs Anousheh Ansari Woman civilian police adviser of the U.N. Kiran Bedi Woman Bishop Rev Barbara C. Harris (USA) Woman to win Nobel Prize in Literature Selma Lagerlöf Woman to win Nobel Prize in Peace Bertha von Suttner Woman to win Nobel Prize in Physics Marie Curie-Skłodowska Woman to win Nobel Prize in Chemistry Marie Curie-Skłodowska Woman to win Nobel Prize in Medicine Gerty Theresa Cori Woman to win Nobel Prize in Economics Elinor Ostrom Woman Prime Minister of a Country S Bhandarnayake Woman Cosmonaut in Space Valentina Tereshkova, USSR Woman to Climb Mt. Everest Juno Tabei, Japan Woman President of UN General assembly Vijayalakshmi Pandit Woman to reach North Pole Mrs Fran Phipps Woman to reach Antartica Caroline Michaelson Woman President of a Country Maria Estela Peron Woman to sail around the world alone Kat Cotte Woman to win an Olympic Gold Medal Charlotte Cooper, UK, Tennis singles, 1900 Woman professional bullfighter Patricia Mccormick, 1952 Women’s Olympic marathon Champion Joan Benoit, Los Angles, 1984 Woman to Climb Mt. Everest twice Santosh Yadav Woman Oscar winner for Best Actress janet Gaynor, 1928 Woman black tennis player to win a singles title at Wimbledon A Gibson, 1957 Woman to win a Grand Slam Maureen Catherine, 1953 Woman to swim the English Channel Gertrude Ederle, 1926 Woman to set foot on North Pole Ann Bancroft, USA, 1986 University of the world Taxila University

World at a glance ...... Total Surface Area:510,064,472 sq km Total Land Area:148,940,000 sq km (29.2% of Planet Earth's surface) Total Water Area:361,132,000 sq km (70.8% of Planet Earth's surface) Total Population:7.04 billion Total Weight:5.9722 × 1024Kg Total Volume:1.08321×1012km3 Total Age:4.54 billion years Surface Gravity:32.041 ft/s2 Distance from Moon:384,403 km Distance from Sun:150 million km Equatorial Radius:6,378.1 km Mean Radius:6,371.0 km Polar Radius:6,356.8 km Orbiting Speed:29.78 km/s Orbiting Time: 365.256363004 days Surface Temperature:-88/5(min/max)°C Orbit Size around Sun:92,956,050 miles (Semi Major Axis) Period of Rotation: 23.934 hours Speed of Rotation: 1670 km/hr Distance from nearest Planet: 38 million km from Venus Total Continent: 7 (Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, Antar ctica) Total Ocean: 5 ( Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic ) UN Recognized Countries: 193 Total Seas: 137 Primary Tectonic Plates: 8 (African, Antarctic, Australian, Eurasian, Indian, North American, Pacific, South American) Largest Continent: Asia, 43,820,000 sq km (29.5% of total World landmass) Smallest Continent: Australia, 9,008,500 sq km Largest Country: Russia, 17,098,242 sq km Smallest Country: Vatican City - 0.44 sq km Largest Ocean: The Pacific Ocean - 155,557,000 sq km Smallest Ocean: Arctic, 14,056,000 sq km Highest Mountain: Mount Everest, 29,029 ft - Nepal Longest River: The Nile - 6,650 km Largest Lake: The Caspian Sea - 371,000 sq km Average Life Expectancy: 67.2 years

Universe at a glance (part 2 & last part): Saturn •Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest. •Saturn has 62 known moons, fifty-three have been named. Most of them are small in size. •Names of some of Saturn’s moons: the largest is Titan, discovered in 1655; Tethys, Dione, Rhea, & Iapetus, discovered from 1671 to 1672; Mimas & Enceladus, discovered in 1789; and Hyperion, discovered in 1848. •A year on Saturn is equal to 29.5 Earth Years •Pioneer 11 is the first spacecraft to reach Saturn, in 1979 •Saturn has a prominent ring system that consists of nine continuous main rings and three discontinuous arcs, composed mostly of ice particles with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. Uranus •The orbital speed of Uranus is 6.6 km/sec •Uranus takes 84 Earth years to complete one orbit. •Uranus is the third largest planet in the Solar System. •Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to visit Uranus, •A day on Uranus is equal to a little more than 17 hours on Earth. •Uranus has 27 known moons, named for characters from the works of William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope •Uranus was discovered by Sir William Herschel in 1781 Neptune •Neptune is the fourth largest planet and coolest planet in the Solar System. •Neptune was the first planet located through mathematical predictions rather than through regular observations of the sky. •Neptune was discovered by Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams, and Johann Galle on September 23, 1846. •The only spacecraft ever to visit Neptune was Voyager 2 in 1989. •The magnetic field of Neptune is about 27 times more powerful than that of Earth. •One Neptune year is equal to 164.83 Earth Years •Neptune has six known rings. •In 2011, Neptune completes its first 165-year orbit of the sun since its discovery in 1846. •Neptune has 13 moons, the largest of which is named Triton. The other moons are: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, Nereid, Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, Neso, and Psamathe. Pluto •Pluto is the smallest planet in the Solar System, now consider as dwarf planet •Pluto is colder than Neptune. •Pluto’s journey around the Sun takes 248 Earth years. •Pluto is the second most contrast body in the Solar System •Pluto has not yet been visited by a spacecraft. •Pluto has a satellite, Charon, which was discovered (in 1978). The distance between them is 19,640 km (12,200 miles).The other 3 are Nix, Hydra, and newly discovered S/2011 P 1 on July of 2011. •Pluto rotation (a Pluto day) takes 6.4 Earth days, meaning that it has the second slowest rotation in the Solar System after Venus •Pluto was discovered by Tombaugh in 1930

Universe at a glance (part 1): Sun •The Sun is a star that is in the center of the Solar System •The Sun is recognized as having the largest mass in our Solar System. •It has a diameter of about 1,392,684 km, about 109 times that of Earth •The sun is the closest star to Earth, at a mean distance from our planet of 149.60 million km •Sun fuses 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second. •At the core, the temperature is about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius) •In February 1974, Skylab was the first manned spacecraft to study the Sun. •Solar flares occur when magnetic fields of the Sun come together and cause hugeexplosions on the Sun’s surface. •Solar flares produce bursts of electromagnetic radiation, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and radio waves. Mercury •Mercury is the closest and second smallest in the Solar System. •Mercury is the second densest planet after Earth. •The only visit to Mercury was a flyby made by the Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1974. •Mercury speeds around the sun every 88 days, traveling through space at nearly 50 km (31 miles) per second •Galileo first observed Mercury during the 17th century. Venus •Venus is the second closest and sixth largest planet in the Solar System •The orbital speed of Venus is 35 km per second. •Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System. •Venus appears to be the brightest planet in the sky. •It takes 244.7 days for Venus to rotate on its axis. •The first robotic space probe mission to Venus, and the first to any planet, began on 12 February 1961, with the launch of the Venera 1 probe. Earth •Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago, and life appeared on its surface within one billion years. •The Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System. •Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System. •The Diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km (7,926 miles) •The earth’s orbital speed is 29.8 km per second. •Earthatmosphere consists of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other ingredients.. •Earth rotates about its own axis 366.26 times, creating 365.26 solar days Moon •The Moon is Earth’s lone natural satellite. •In 1610, Galileo Galilei is the first to use a telescope to make scientific observations of the Moon. •The Moon is the fifth largest satellite in our Solar System. •The Moon’s diameter is 2160 miles (3476 km) •Average distance between the Earth and the Moon is about 239,000 miles. Actual distance varies from 221,457 to 252,712 miles. •The Moon’s gravity is 1/6 that of Earth. •The Moon does not have an atmosphere; there is no wind on the Moon. •Apollo 11 was the American space mission to first reach and land on the moon. •The first human landing on the Moon was on 20 July 1969. •The Moon orbits around the Earth every 29 days. Mars •Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System. •iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance, often described as “ Red Planet” •A Mars year is equal to 686.98 Earth Days •A day in Mars is equal to 24.6 Earth Hours •Like Earth, Mars experiences seasons because of the tilt of its rotational axis •Asaph Hall discovered both of Mars’ moons, Phobos and Deimos, in August 1877. •Mariner 4 – first successful flyby mission to Mars. Launched on November 28, 1964 and arrived at Mars on July 14, 1965. •Viking 1 – Successful orbit and landing on surface of Mars. Launched August 20, 1975 and arrived at Mars July 20, 1976. Jupitar •Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, is 318 times larger than Earth. •The orbital speed of Jupiter is 13.1 km/sec •A year on Jupiter is equal to 11.9 Earth Years •Jupiter has 67 natural satellites.[105] Of these, 51 are less than 10 kilometres in diameter and have only been discovered since 1975. •Galileo Galileihad discovered Jupiter's four largest moons, now called Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. These four moons are known today as the Galilean satellites. •In 1610, Galileo Galilei makes the first detailed observations of Jupiter. •Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the biggest satellite in solar system •Jupiter has rings, the third planet discovered to have a ring system in our Solar System. •Jupiter’s rings are identified as: Halo ring, Main ring, Amalthea gossamer ring, and Thebe gossamer ring. •Jupiter’s rings were discovered by Voyager 1 in 1979.