1985 World History 1985 Ronald Reagan, 73, takes oath for second term as 40th president(Jan. 20).General Westmorelandsettles libel action against CBS(Feb. 18).Prime Minister Margaret Thatcheraddresses Congress, endorsing Reagan's policies(Feb. 20).USSR leader Chernenko dies at 73 and is replaced by Mikhail Gorbachev, 54(March 11).Two Shi'ite Muslimgunmen capture TWA airliner with 133 aboard, 104 of them Americans(June 14);39 remaining hostages freed in Beirut(June 30).Supreme Court, 5–4, bars public school teachers from parochial schools(July 1).Arthur James Walker, 50, retired naval officer, convicted by federal judge of participating in Soviet spy ring operated by his brother, John Walker(Aug. 9). P.L.O.terrorists hijackAchille Lauro,Italian cruise ship, with 80 passengers, plus crew(Oct. 7);American, Leon Klinghoffer, killed(Oct. 8); Italian government toppled by political crisis over hijacking(Oct. 16).John A. Walker and son, Michael I. Walker, 22, sentenced in Navy espionage case(Oct. 28).Reagan and Gorbachev meet at summit(Nov. 19);agree to step up arms control talks and renew cultural contacts(Nov. 21).Terrorists seize Egyptian Boeing 737 airliner after takeoff from Athens(Nov. 23);59 dead as Egyptian forces storm plane on Malta(Nov. 24).U.S. budget-balancing bill enacted(Dec. 12).

1980 World History Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) The Republican National Committee 1980 Six U.S. embassy aides escape from Iran with Canadian help(Jan. 29).F.B.I.'s undercover operation “Abscam” (for Arab scam) implicates public officials(Feb. 2).U.S. breaks diplomatic ties with Iran(April 7).Eight U.S. servicemen are killed and five are injured as helicopter and cargo plane collide in abortive desert raid to rescue American hostagesin Tehran(April 25).Supreme Court upholds limits on federal aid for abortions(June 30). Shah of Irandies at 60(July 27). Anastasio Somoza Debayle, ousted Nicaragua ruler, and two aides assassinated in Asunción, Paraguay capital(Sept. 17).Iraq troops hold 90 square miles of Iran after invasion; 8-year Iran-Iraq warbegins(Sept. 19). Ronald Reaganelected president in Republican sweep(Nov. 4).Three U.S. nuns and lay worker found shot in El Salvador(Dec. 4). John Lennonof the Beatles shot dead in New York City(Dec. 8).Smallpox eradicated.

1981 World History Sandra Day O'Connor (1930– ) U.S. Supreme Court 1981 Ronald Reagantakes oath as 40th president(Jan. 20).U.S.-Iran agreement frees 52 hostages held in Tehransince 1979(Jan. 20);hostages welcomed back in U.S.(Jan. 25).President Reagan wounded by gunman, with press secretary and two law-enforcement officers(March 30).Pope John Paul IIwounded by gunman(May 14).Reagan nominates Judge Sandra Day O'Connor, 51, of Arizona, as first woman on Supreme Court(July 7).More than 110 die in collapse of aerial walkways in lobby of Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City; 188 injured(July 18).Air controllers strike, disrupting flights(Aug. 3);government dismisses strikers(Aug. 11). AIDSis first identified.

1982 World History 1982 British overcome Argentina in Falklandswar(April 2–June 15). Israel invades Lebanonin attack on P.L.O.(June 4).John W. Hinckley, Jr., found not guilty because of insanity in shooting of President Reagan(June 21). Alexander M. Haig, Jr., resigns as secretary of state(June 25).Equal Rights Amendment fails ratification(June 30). Princess Grace, 52, dies of injuries when car plunges off mountain road; daughter Stephanie, 17, suffers serious injuries(Sept. 14).Lebanese Christian Phalangists kill hundreds of people in two Palestinian refugee camps in West Beirut(Sept. 15). Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet leader, dies at 75(Nov. 10). Yuri V. Andropov, 68, chosen as successor(Nov. 15).Permanent artificial heart implanted in human for first time in Dr. Barney B. Clark, 61, at University of Utah Medical Center in Salt Lake City(Dec. 2).

1983 World History 1983 Pope John Paul II signs new Roman Catholic code incorporating changes brought about by Second Vatican Council(Jan. 25).Second space shuttle,Challenger,makes successful maiden voyage, which includes the first U.S. space walk in nine years(April 4).U.S. Supreme Court declares many local abortion restrictions unconstitutional(June 15). Sally K. Ride, 32, first U.S. woman astronaut in space as a crew member aboard space shuttleChallenger(June 18).U.S. admits shielding former Nazi Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie, 69, the “butcher of Lyon,” wanted in France for war crimes(Aug. 15).Benigno S. Aquino, Jr., 50, political rival of Philippines president Marcos, slain in Manila(Aug. 21).South Korean Boeing 747 jetliner bound for Seoul apparently strays into Soviet airspace and is shot down by a Soviet SU-15 fighter after it had tracked the airliner for two hours; all 269 aboard are killed, including 61 Americans(Aug. 30).Terrorist explosion kills 237 U.S. Marines in Beirut(Oct. 23).U.S. and Caribbean allies invade Grenada(Oct. 25).