Rulers of England and Great Britain Find the name, birth date, and the number of years each monarch ruled England and Great Britain. NameBornRuled1 SAXONS2 Egbert3c. 775802–839 Ethelwulf?839–858 Ethelbald?858–860 Ethelbert?860–865 Ethelred I?865–871 Alfred the Great849871–899 Edward the Elderc. 870899–924 Athelstan895924–939 Edmund I the Deed-doer921939–946 Edredc. 925946–955 Edwy the Fairc. 943955–959 Edgar the Peaceful943959–975 Edward the Martyrc. 962975–978 Ethelred II the Unready968978–1016 Edmund II Ironsidec. 9931016 DANES Canute9951016–1035 Harold I Harefootc.10161035–1040 Hardecanutec.10181040–1042 SAXONS Edward the Confessorc.10041042–1066 Harold IIc.10201066 HOUSE OF NORMANDY William I the Conqueror10271066–1087 William II Rufusc.10561087–1100 Henry I Beauclerc10681100–1135 Stephen of Boulognec.11001135–1154 HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET Henry II11331154–1189 Richard I Coeur de Lion11571189–1199 John Lackland11671199–1216 Henry III12071216–1272 Edward I Longshanks12391272–1307 Edward II12841307–1327 Edward III13121327–1377 Richard II13671377–13994 HOUSE OF LANCASTER Henry IV Bolingbroke13671399–1413 Henry V13871413–1422 Henry VI14211422–14615 HOUSE OF YORK Edward IV14421461–14835 Edward V14701483–1483 Richard III14521483–1485 HOUSE OF TUDOR Henry VII14571485–1509 Henry VIII14911509–1547 Edward VI15371547–1553 Jane (Lady Jane Grey)615371553–1553 Mary I(“Bloody Mary”)15161553–1558 Elizabeth I15331558–1603 HOUSE OF STUART James I715661603–1625 Charles I16001625–1649 COMMONWEALTH Council of State—1649–1653 Oliver Cromwell815991653–1658 Richard Cromwell816261658–16599 RESTORATION OF HOUSE OF STUART Charles II16301660–1685 James II16331685–168810 William III1116501689–1702 Mary II1116621689–1694 Anne16651702–1714 HOUSE OF HANOVERGeorge I 1660 ... HOUSE OF SAXE-COBURG12 Edward VII18411901–1910 HOUSE OF WINDSOR12 George V18651910–1936 Edward VIII1894193613 George VI18951936–1952 Elizabeth II19261952– 1. Year of end of rule is also that of death, unless otherwise indicated. 2. Dates for Saxon kings are still controversial. 3. Became king of West Saxons in 802; considered (from 828) first king of all England. 4. Died 1400. 5. Henry VI reigned again briefly 1470–1471. 6. Nominal queen for 9 days; not counted as queen by some authorities. She was beheaded in 1554. 7. Ruled in Scotland as James VI (1567–1625). 8. Lord Protector. 9. Died 1712. 10. Died 1701. 11. Joint rulers (1689–1694). 12. Name changed from Saxe-Coburg to Windsor in 1917. 13. Was known after his abdication as the Duke of Windsor, died 1972.

Australia: Prime Ministers Prime Ministers Edmund Barton(1901–1903) Alfred Deakin(1903–1904, 1905–1908, 1909–1910) John Christian Watson (1904) George Huston Reid (1904–1905) Andrew Fisher(1908–1909, 1910–1913, 1914–1915) Joseph Cook(1913–1914) William Morris Hughes(1915–1923) Stanley Melbourne Bruce(1923–1929) James Henry Scullin (1929–1932) Joseph Aloysius Lyons(1932–1939) Sir Earle Page, acting (1939) Robert Gordon Menzies(1939–1941, 1949–1966) Arthur William Fadden (1941) John Curtin(1941–1945) Francis Michael Forde (1945) Joseph Benedict Chifley (1945–1949) Harold Holt(1966–1967) John McEwen (1967–1968) John Grey Gorton (1968–1971) William McMahon (1971–1972) Gough Whitlam(1972–1975) Malcolm Fraser (1975–1983) Robert J. Hawke(1983–1991) Paul Keating(1991–1996) John Howard(1996– )

Africa: Rulers (part 2 of 2): Selected Rulers from Other African Nations (alphabetical by last name) *. Ahmadou Ahidjo, president of the United Republic of Cameroon (1960–82) *. Pietro Badoglio, governor of Tripolitania (Libya) (1929–33) *. Italo Balbo, governor-general of Libya (1933–40) *. Hastings Kamuzu Banda, African political leader, president of Malawi (1966–94) *. Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, president of Tunisia (1987–) *. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algerian Prime Minister (1962–63), president (1962–65) *. Jean Bedel Bokassa, president of Central African Republic (1966–79) *. Houari Boumedienne, president and prime minister of Algeria (1965–78) *. Ketchwayo Cetshwayo, king of the Zulus (1872–79) *. David Dacko, president of the Central African Republic (1960–66, 1979–81) *. Moktar Ould Daddah, president of Mauritania (1961–78) *. José Eduardo Dos Santos, Angolan president (1979–) *. Félix Éboué, commissioner-General of French Congo and French Equatorial Africa (1941–44) *. Gnassingbé Eyadéma, president of Togo (1967–) *. Yakubu Gowon, Nigerian head of state (1966–75) *. Rodolfo Graziani, Marchese Di Neghelli, governor of Cyrenaica, Libya (1930–34), Governor-General (1940–41) *. Teshafi Teezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold, prime minister of Ethiopia (1961–74) *. Félix Houphouët- Boigny, African political leader, president (1960–93) of Côte d'Ivoire. *. Idris I, king of Libya (1951–69) *. Joseph Leabua Jonathan, prime minister of Lesotho (1965–86) *. Jugurtha, king of Numidia (118–106B.C.) *. Kenneth David Kaunda, African political leader, president of Zambia (1964–91) *. Jomo Kenyatta, African political leader, first president of Kenya (1964–78) *. Khama, chief of the Bamangwato people of Bechuanaland (now Botswana) (1875–1923?) *. Sir Seretse Khama, president of Botswana (1966–80) *. Seyni Kountché, president of Niger(1974–87) *. Hilla Limann, president of Ghana (1979–81) *. Lobengula, king of Matabeleland (now in Zimbabwe) (1870–93) *. Samora Machel, president of Mozambique (1975–86) *. Sir Milton Margai, prime minister of Sierra Leone (1961–64) *. Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of Ethiopia (1987–91) *. Masinissa, king of Numidia (c. 238 – 148?B.C.) *. Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia after 1889 *. Pierre Messmer, high commissioner of French Congo and French Equatorial Africa (1958) *. Daniel T. arap Moi, president of Kenya (1978–) *. Robert Gabriel Mugabe, president of Zimbabwe (1987–) *. Mutesa I, kabaka, or king, of Buganda (now in Uganda), c.1857–84 *. Agostinho Neto, first president of independent Angola (1975–79) *. Francisco Macias Nguema, first president of Equatorial Guinea (1968–79) *. Kwame Nkrumah, African political leader, prime minister (1957–60) and president (1960–66) of Ghana *. Julius Kambarage Nyerere, African political leader, first president (1964–85) of Tanzania *. Apollo Milton Obote, president of Uganda (1966–71, 1980–85) *. Sylvanus Olympio, African political leader, president of Togo (1961–63) *. Muammar Al-Qaddafi, de facto Libyan Head of State (1969–) *. Radama I, founder of the kingdom of Madagascar *. Denis Sassou- Nguesso, Congolese army officer and president of the Congo (Brazzaville) (1979–92, 1997–) *. Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia (1930–74) *. Léopold Sédar Senghor, African statesman and poet, president (1960–80) of the republic of Senegal *. Alhaji Shehu Shagari, president of Nigeria (1979–83) *. Shaka, paramount chief (1818–28) of the Zulus *. Ian D. Smith, prime minister of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) (1964–65), prime minister of Rhodesia (1965–79) *. Sobhuza II, king of Swaziland (1921–82) *. Siaka Probyn Stevens, president of Sierra Leone (1971–85) *. Tewodros II, emperor of Ethiopia (1855–68) *. William Richard Tolbert, Jr., president of Liberia (1971–80) *. Ahmed Sékou Touré, African political leader, president (1958–84) of the republic of Guinea *. Philibert Tsiranana, president of the Malagasy Republic (now Madagascar) (1960–72) *. William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman, president of Liberia (1944–71) *. Maxime Weygand, Algerian Governor-General (1941) *. Fulbert Youlou, first president of the Congo (Brazzaville) (1960–63)

Africa: Rulers (part 1 of 2): Congo: Rulers *.Theophile Theodore Joseph Antoine Baron Wahis, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1900–12) *.Felix Alexandre Fuch, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1912–16) *.Eugene Joseph Marie Henry, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1916–21) *.Maurice Eugene Auguste Lippens, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1921–23) *.Martin Joseph Marie René Rutten, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1923–27) *.Auguste Constant Tilkens, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1927–34) *.Pierre Marie Joseph Ryckmans, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1934–46) *.Eugène Jacques Pierre Louis Jungers, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1946–51) *.Léon Antoine Marie Petillon, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1951–58) *.Henri Arthur Adolf Marie Christopher Cornelis, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1958–60) *. Patrice Emergy Lumumba, prime minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) *. Moise Tshombe, president of Katanga (1960–61), prime minister of the Republic of the Congo (1964–65) *. Joseph Kasavubu, president of the Republic of the Congo (1960–65) *. Mobutu Sese Seko, president of Zaïre (1965–97) *. Laurent Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001) *. Joseph Kabila, son of Laurent, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–) Morocco: Rulers *. Yakub I, ruler of Morocco (1184–99) and Moorish Spain. *. Ismail, sultan of Morocco (1672–1727) *. Abd ar-Rahman, sultan of Morocco (1822–59) *. Hassan, sultan of Morocco (1873–94) *. Abd al-Aziz IV, sultan of Morocco (1894–1908) *. Abd al-Hafiz, sultan of Morocco (1908–12) *.Yusuf, sultan of Morocco (1912–27) *. Muhammad V, sultan of Morocco (1927–53, 1955–57), king of Morocco (1957–61) *.Muhammad VI, sultan of Morocco (1953–55) *.Council of Throne Guardians (1955) *. Hassan II, king of Morocco (1961–1999) *.Muhammad VI, king of Morocco (1999–) South Africa: Rulers *. Sir John Henry Brand, South African politician, president of the Orange Free State (1864–71) *. Stephanus Johannes Paulus Krüger, president of Transvaal (1883–1902) *. Martinus Theunis Steyn, last president (1896–1900) of the Orange Free State *.Hamilton John Goold-Adams, governor of the Orange Free State (1901–02, 1907–10) *. Sir Alfred Milner, governor of Cape Colony (1897–1901), governor of Orange River Colony, Orange Free State (1902–05), governor of Transvaal (1902) *.Sir John Gordon Sprigg, premier of Cape Colony (1900–04) *.Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson, governor of Natal (1893–1901), governor of Cape Colony (1901–09) *.Sir Henry Edward McCallum, governor of Natal (1901–07) *. Leander Starr Jameson, premier of Cape Colony (1904–08) *.William Waldegrave Palmer, Earl of Selborne, governor of the Orange Free State (1905–07), governor of Transvaal (1906–10) *.Sir Matthew Nathan, governor of Natal (1907–10) *.John Xavier Merriman, premier of Cape Colony (1908–10) *.Paul Sandford, Baron Methuen of Corsham, governor of Natal (1910) *. Herbert John Gladstone, Viscount Gladstone, governor-general of South Africa (1910–14) *. Louis Botha, prime minister of South Africa (1910–19) *.Sydney Charles Buxton, Viscount Buxton, governor-general of South Africa (1914–20) *. Jan Christian Smuts, prime minister of South Africa (1919–24, 1939–48 *.Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert, Duke of Connaught, governor-general of South Africa (1920–24) *.Alexander, Earl of Athlone, governor-general of South Africa (1924–31) *. James Hertzog, prime minister of South Africa (1924–39) *.George Herbert Hyde Villiers, Earl of Clarendon, governor-general of South Africa (1931–37) *.Sir Patrick Duncan, governor-general of South Africa (1937–43) *.Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, acting governor-general of South Africa (1943–46) *.Gideon Brand van Zyl, governor-general of South Africa (1946–51) *. Daniel F. Malan, prime minister of South Africa, (1948–54) *.Ernest George Jansen, governor-general of South Africa (1951–59) *.Johannes G. Strijdom, prime minister of South Africa (1954–58) *.Charles Robberts Swart, governor-general of South Africa (1959–61), president of South Africa (1961–67) *. Hendrik F. Verwoerd, prime minister of South Africa (1958–66) *.Jozua François Naudé, acting president of South Africa (1967–68) *.Jacobus Johannes Fouché, president of South Africa (1968–75) *.Nicolaas J. Diederichs, president of South Africa (1975–78) *.Marais Viljoen, president of South Africa (1978, 1979–84) *. B. J. Vorster, prime minister of South Africa (1966–78), governor-general of South Africa (1978–79) *. Pieter Willem Botha, prime minister of South Africa (1978–84), governor-general of South Africa (1984–89) *.J. Christian Heunis, acting president of South Africa (1989) *. Frederik Willem de Klerk, South African president (1989–94) *. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, South African president (1994–1999) *. Thabo Mbeki, South African president (1999–)

Africa: Rulers Congo: Rulers *.Theophile Theodore Joseph Antoine Baron Wahis, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1900–12) *.Felix Alexandre Fuch, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1912–16) *.Eugene Joseph Marie Henry, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1916–21) *.Maurice Eugene Auguste Lippens, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1921–23) *.Martin Joseph Marie René Rutten, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1923–27) *.Auguste Constant Tilkens, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1927–34) *.Pierre Marie Joseph Ryckmans, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1934–46) *.Eugène Jacques Pierre Louis Jungers, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1946–51) *.Léon Antoine Marie Petillon, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1951–58) *.Henri Arthur Adolf Marie Christopher Cornelis, governor-general of the Belgian Congo (1958–60) *. Patrice Emergy Lumumba, prime minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) *. Moise Tshombe, president of Katanga (1960–61), prime minister of the Republic of the Congo (1964–65) *. Joseph Kasavubu, president of the Republic of the Congo (1960–65) *. Mobutu Sese Seko, president of Zaïre (1965–97) *. Laurent Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001) *. Joseph Kabila, son of Laurent, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–) Morocco: Rulers *. Yakub I, ruler of Morocco (1184–99) and Moorish Spain. *. Ismail, sultan of Morocco (1672–1727) *. Abd ar-Rahman, sultan of Morocco (1822–59) *. Hassan, sultan of Morocco (1873–94) *. Abd al-Aziz IV, sultan of Morocco (1894–1908) *. Abd al-Hafiz, sultan of Morocco (1908–12) *.Yusuf, sultan of Morocco (1912–27) *. Muhammad V, sultan of Morocco (1927–53, 1955–57), king of Morocco (1957–61) *.Muhammad VI, sultan of Morocco (1953–55) *.Council of Throne Guardians (1955) *. Hassan II, king of Morocco (1961–1999) *.Muhammad VI, king of Morocco (1999–) South Africa: Rulers *. Sir John Henry Brand, South African politician, president of the Orange Free State (1864–71) *. Stephanus Johannes Paulus Krüger, president of Transvaal (1883–1902) *. Martinus Theunis Steyn, last president (1896–1900) of the Orange Free State *.Hamilton John Goold-Adams, governor of the Orange Free State (1901–02, 1907–10) *. Sir Alfred Milner, governor of Cape Colony (1897–1901), governor of Orange River Colony, Orange Free State (1902–05), governor of Transvaal (1902) *.Sir John Gordon Sprigg, premier of Cape Colony (1900–04) *.Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson, governor of Natal (1893–1901), governor of Cape Colony (1901–09) *.Sir Henry Edward McCallum, governor of Natal (1901–07) *. Leander Starr Jameson, premier of Cape Colony (1904–08) *.William Waldegrave Palmer, Earl of Selborne, governor of the Orange Free State (1905–07), governor of Transvaal (1906–10) *.Sir Matthew Nathan, governor of Natal (1907–10) *.John Xavier Merriman, premier of Cape Colony (1908–10) *.Paul Sandford, Baron Methuen of Corsham, governor of Natal (1910) *. Herbert John Gladstone, Viscount Gladstone, governor-general of South Africa (1910–14) *. Louis Botha, prime minister of South Africa (1910–19) *.Sydney Charles Buxton, Viscount Buxton, governor-general of South Africa (1914–20) *. Jan Christian Smuts, prime minister of South Africa (1919–24, 1939–48 *.Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert, Duke of Connaught, governor-general of South Africa (1920–24) *.Alexander, Earl of Athlone, governor-general of South Africa (1924–31) *. James Hertzog, prime minister of South Africa (1924–39) *.George Herbert Hyde Villiers, Earl of Clarendon, governor-general of South Africa (1931–37) *.Sir Patrick Duncan, governor-general of South Africa (1937–43) *.Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, acting governor-general of South Africa (1943–46) *.Gideon Brand van Zyl, governor-general of South Africa (1946–51) *. Daniel F. Malan, prime minister of South Africa, (1948–54) *.Ernest George Jansen, governor-general of South Africa (1951–59) *.Johannes G. Strijdom, prime minister of South Africa (1954–58) *.Charles Robberts Swart, governor-general of South Africa (1959–61), president of South Africa (1961–67) *. Hendrik F. Verwoerd, prime minister of South Africa (1958–66) *.Jozua François Naudé, acting president of South Africa (1967–68) *.Jacobus Johannes Fouché, president of South Africa (1968–75) *.Nicolaas J. Diederichs, president of South Africa (1975–78) *.Marais Viljoen, president of South Africa (1978, 1979–84) *. B. J. Vorster, prime minister of South Africa (1966–78), governor-general of South Africa (1978–79) *. Pieter Willem Botha, prime minister of South Africa (1978–84), governor-general of South Africa (1984–89) *.J. Christian Heunis, acting president of South Africa (1989) *. Frederik Willem de Klerk, South African president (1989–94) *. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, South African president (1994–1999) *. Thabo Mbeki, South African president (1999–)