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1993 World History Toni Morrison (1931– ) Archive Photos Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933– ) U.S. Supreme Court 1993 Vaclav Havelelected as Czechpresident(Jan. 26).Clinton agrees to compromise on military's ban on homosexuals(Jan. 29).U.S. begins airlift of supplies to besieged Bosniatowns(Feb. 28).Federal agents besiege Texas Branch Davidianreligious cult after six are killed in raid (March 1et seq.). Five arrested, sixth sought in bombing of World Trade Center in New York(March 29).Two police officers convicted on federal civil rights charges in Rodney King beating(April 17);sentenced(Aug. 4).Fire kills 72 as cult standoff in Texas ends with federal assault(April 19).President of Sri Lankaassassinated(May 1).British Commons approves European unity pact(May 20).Twenty-two UN troops killed in Somalia(June 5). Ruth Bader Ginsburgappointed to Supreme Court(June 14).Iraq accepts UN weapons monitoring(July 19).Vincent W. Foster, Jr., senior White House lawyer, commits suicide(July 22).Midwest flood damage expected to exceed $10 billion(July 24). Israeli-Palestinianaccord reached(Aug. 28).U.S. agents blamed in Waco, Tex., siege(Oct. 1). Yeltsin's forces crush revolt in Russian Parliament (Oct. 4et seq.). Chinabreaks nuclear test moratorium(Oct. 5). Canada's opposition Liberal Party regains power in landslide(Oct. 25).Europe's Maastricht Treaty takes effect, creating European Union(Nov. 1).Jean Chretien sworn in as Canada's 20th prime minister(Nov. 4).House of Representatives approves North American Free Trade Agreement(Nov. 17);Senate follows(Nov. 21). South Africaadopts majority rule constitution(Nov. 18).Clinton signs Brady bill regulating firearms purchases(Nov. 30). Toni Morrisonwins Nobel prizefor literature.

1994 World History Nelson Mandela (1918– ) AMW Pressedienst/Archive Photos Jean-Bertrand Aristide (1953– ) Consolidated News/Archive Photos 1994 Serbs' heavy weapons pound Sarajevo(Jan. 5–6).Olympic figure skater Nancy Kerriganattacked(Jan. 6);three arrested in attack(Jan. 13).Major earthquake jolts Los Angeles; 51 dead(Jan. 17et seq.). Clintonends trade embargo on Vietnam(Feb. 9). Aldrich Ames, high C.I.A. official, charged with spying for Soviets(Feb. 22).Four convicted in World Trade Center bombing(March 4). Mexicanpresidential candidate assassinated(March 23). Rwandangenocide of Tutsis by Hutus begins; estimated 800,000 slaughtered in c. 100 days(April 6). South Africaholds first interracial national election(April 29); Nelson Mandelaelected president. Israel and Palestinianssign accord(May 4).Clinton accused of sexual harassment while governor of Arkansas(May 6).Congress votes protection for women's health clinics(May 12). O. J. Simpsonarrested in killings of wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and friend, Ronald Goldman(June 18).Supreme Court approves limit on abortion protests(June 30).Senate confirms Stephen G. Breyerfor Supreme Court(July 29).Women's health clinic doctor shot dead outside Florida clinic(July 29).Major league baseball players strike(Aug. 13).“Carlos the Jackal,” international terrorist, captured(Aug. 15). IRAdeclares cease-fire in Northern Ireland(Aug. 31).Small plane crashes into White House(Sept. 12).Baseball owners end season and cancel World Series(Sept. 14).Powerful earthquakestrikes Japan(Oct. 4). Aristidereturns to joyous Haiti(Oct. 4).U.S. sends forces to Persian Gulf(Oct. 7).Ulster Protestants declare cease-fire(Oct. 13).Israel and Jordan sign peace treaty(Oct. 17). Reagan, 83, reveals he has Alzheimer's disease(Nov. 6).G.O.P. wins control of House and Senate(Nov. 8).Aristide forms Haitian government with prime minister and full cabinet(Nov. 9).Clinton orders Bosnian arms embargo ended(Nov. 10).Newt Gingrich named House Speaker(Dec. 5). Bentsenresigns as Treasury Secretary(Dec. 6).Russians attack secessionist Republic of Chechnya(Dec. 11et seq.). John Salvi kills two at Massachusetts Planned Parenthood clinic(Dec. 30).

1991 World History Boris Yeltsin (1931–2007) Imapress/Archive Photos 1991 U.S. and Allies at war with Iraq(Jan. 15). Warsaw Pactdissolves military alliance(Feb. 25).Cease-fire ends Persian Gulf War; UN forces are victorious(April 3).Europeans end sanctions on South Africa(April 15).Supreme Court limits death row appeals(April 16).Winnie Mandela sentenced in kidnapping(May 13).William H. Webster retires as director of CIA; Robert H. Gates succeeds him(May 14).France agrees to sign 1968 treaty banning spread of atomic weapons(June 3).Communist government of Albaniaresigns(June 4). Jiang Qing, widow of Mao, commits suicide(June 4).South African Parliament repeals apartheidlaws(June 5).Warsaw Pact dissolved(July 1).Boris N. Yeltsininaugurated as first freely elected president of Russian Republic(July 10).Bush-Gorbachev summit negotiates strategic arms reduction treaty(July 31).China accepts nuclear nonproliferation treaty(Aug. 10). Lithuania, Estonia, and Latviawin independence(Aug. 25);Bush recognizes them(Sept. 2).Haitian troops seize president in uprising(Sept. 30).U.S. suspends assistance to Haiti(Oct. 1).Professor Anita Hill accuses Judge Clarence Thomasof sexual harassment(Oct. 6);Senate, 52–48, confirms Thomas for Supreme Court after stormy hearings(Oct. 15). Israeland Soviet Union resume relations after 24 years(Oct. 18).U.S. indicts two Libyans in 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland(Nov. 15).Anglican envoy Terry Waite and U.S. Prof. Thomas M. Sutherland freed by Lebanese(Nov. 18).Last three U.S. hostages freed in Lebanon(Dec. 2–4). Soviet Unionbreaks up after President Gorbachev's resignation; constituent republics form Commonwealth of Independent States(Dec. 25).

1992 World History 1992 Yugoslav Federationbroken up(Jan. 15). Bushand Yeltsinproclaim formal end to cold war(Feb. 1).U.S. lifts trade sanctions against China(Feb. 21).U.S. recognizes three former Yugoslav republics(April 7).Gen. Noriega, former Panama leader, convicted in U.S. court(April 9).Four police officers acquitted in Los Angeles beating of Rodney King; rioting erupts in South-Central Los Angeles (April 29et seq.). Caspar W. Weinberger indicted in Iran-Contraaffair(June 16).Last Western hostages freed in Lebanon(June 17).Supreme Court reaffirms right to abortion(June 29).Democrats nominate Bill Clintonand Al Gore(July 1).Gen. Noriega sentenced to 40 years on drug charges(July 10).Court clearsExxon Valdezskipper(July 10).Israeli Parliament approves Yitzhak Rabin's coalition government, dominated by Labor Party(July 13).Police officers acquitted in April on criminal charges in Rodney King beating are indicted on federal civil rights charges(Aug. 5).North American trade compact announced(Aug. 12).Republicans renominate Bush and Quayle(Aug. 20).UN expels Serbian-dominated Yugoslavia(Sept. 22).Senate ratifies second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty(Oct. 1).Top Japanese leader, Shin Kanemaru, resigns in scandal(Oct. 14).Bill Clinton elected president, Al Gore vice president; Democrats keep control of Congress(Nov. 3).Russian Parliament approves START treaty(Nov. 4).U.S. forces leave Philippines, ending nearly a century of American military presence(Nov. 24). CzechoslovakParliament approves separation into two nations(Nov. 25).UN approves U.S.-led force to guard food for Somalia(Dec. 3). Princeand Princess of Walesagree to separate(Dec. 9).Bush pardons former Reagan administration officials involved in Iran-Contra affair(Dec. 24).

1988 World History François Mitterrand (1916–1996) The French Consulate, Boston Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007) Muzammil Paha/Reuters/Archive Photos 1988 U.S. and Canada reach free trade agreement(Jan. 2).Robert C. McFarlane, former National Security Adviser, pleads guilty in Iran-Contracase(March 11).U.S. Navy ship shoots down Iranian airliner in Persian Gulf, mistaking it for jet fighter; 290 killed(July 3).Terrorists kill nine tourists on Aegean cruise(July 11).Democratic convention nominates Gov. Michael Dukakisof Massachusetts for president and Texas senator Lloyd Bentsenfor vice president (July 17et seq.). Republicans nominate George Bushfor president and Indiana senator Dan Quaylefor vice president (Aug. 15et seq.). Plane blast kills Pakistani president Mohammad Zia ul-Haq(Aug. 17).Republicans sweep 40 states in election. Bush beats Dukakis(Nov. 8). Benazir Bhutto, first Islamic woman prime minister, chosen to lead Pakistan(Dec. 2).Pan-Am 747 explodes from terrorist bomband crashes in Lockerbie, Scotland, killing all 259 aboard and 11 on ground(Dec. 21).