Chronology of Space Travel: 1957 :Russia launched Sputnik I, first man-made satellite in orbit, and Sputnik II carrying the dog Laika. 1958 :USA launched Explorer I and Pioneer III discovered Van Allen Radiation belts. 1959 :Russia launched Lunik I, Lunik IIand Lunik III, and photographed the hidden side of the Moon. 1960 :USA launched Explorer VII. USSR launched Lunik IV with dogs Belka and Strelka. Put them in Orbit and brought them back. 1961 :Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made man's first space flight (one orbit). Second Russian spaceman Gherman Titov made 24 hours (17 orbit) flight in Vostok II. 1962 :First American John Glenn made three orbits. US Ranger 4 was the first to reach Moon.Russia sent first probe on Mars.Russian cosmonauts Papel Popovick and Audrian Nikolayev floated in space. 1963 :Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to orbit the globe more then 48 times. 1964 :Russia sent Voskhod I with three men on board (first time more than one person). 1965 :From Voskhod II Russian Alexei Leonov walked in space for 10 minutes. From Gemini Edward White made first American space walk. Wally Schirra and Tom Stafford made space rendevous when they brought US spaceship Gemini 6 within one foot of Gemini 7. 1966 :Russian Luna 9 made soft landing on Moon and sent TV pictures. US surveyor I made first first soft landing on Moon. 1967 :Space disasters. 3 Americans and 1 Russian Spaceman were killed in their crafts due to mishap. 1969 :Russian probes Venera 5 and 6 landed on Venus returning data.American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on Moon on July 20. Americans made second landing on Moon on November 14. 1970 :Russia soft landed Luna 17 (unmanned) on Moon used first propelled Vehicle 8-wheel Lunokhod, on Moon for exploration. 1971 :Alan shepard and Edgar Mitchell made third landing on Moon with Apollo 14. David Scott and James Irwin made fourth landing on Moon by using the first artificial satellite of Mars.Russia launched Salyut space station. Soyuz II docked with Salyut in space. Russian Capsule from Mars 2 crashed on Mars surface on 21 November. 1972 :America launched Pioneer 10 on 1000 million km flight to Jupiter. Pioneer 10 passed through Jupiter belt and passed Jupiter transmitting pictures. It is the first man made object scheduled to escape solar system. 6th and last Apollo mission of USA landed on Moon in December, and astronauts Cernan and Schmitt made a record 75 hour stay on Moon and collected lunar samples. 1973 :America launched Pioneer 11 towards jupiter, and also sent Skylab space station in orbit.Also, Skylab 2,3 and 4 were launched. 1974 :Mariner 10 of USA passed Venus and Mercury for man's first close look at these. Russia sent another Salyut space station. 1975 :First US-USSR mission in space. Soyuz 19 launched (USSR) on July 15 and Apollo 18 (USA) launched 7 1/2 hours later docked successfully on July 17.India's Arya Bhatta was launched. 1976-84 :90 space flights in 9 years, 50 by USSR and 40 by USA. The first space shuttle Columbia was launched in 1981 and returned to earth after 54 hours in space. It can be to launch satellites. US launched challenger which put Indian's multi-purpose satellite INSAT-1B in Orbit. India's Rohini Satellite was launched into orbit in April 1983. On 9 April, 1984, India became the 14th nation to have sent a man (Sq.Ldr.Rakesh Sharma) into space. On July 25, 1984, Svetlana Savitskaya (USSR) became the first woman to walk in space. Also,Mrs. Sullivan was the first US woman to walk in space. 1987 :Soviet Flt. Cdr. Romananko made a record of over 237 days stay in space. 1989 :US Spaceship Voyager came close to the planet Neptune in August. 1990 :Japanese Toyohiro Akiyama was in space and broadcast daily from there. He was the first journalist to go in space. 1991 :USA launched shuttle Atlantis with 5 member crew to launch satellite that would peer into exploding suns,cosmic enigmas and other features. US astronomers discovered the biggest galaxy 60 times bigger than our own Milky way. British Scientists detected an orbiting supposed to be a planet outside our solar system. 1992 :Russian cosmonaut,Sergei Krialev returned after longest stay in space (312 days). USA launched shuttle Endeavour to rescue a failed satellite. 1993 :Both USA and Russia continued with space programmes, NASA's Mars observe probe transmitted its first close up photos of the Maritiam surface. 1994 :Space walk of first Japanese woman chiaki Mukai. The collision of comet Shoemaker Levy-9 with Jupiter was observed from earth.

General Record Breakers: No.General Record BrakerName 01Most populous City in the worldShanghai 02Longest Railway PlatformKharagpur(India),2733 ft. 03Longest Railroad TunnelSeikan (Japan),33.5 miles 04Longest Suspension BridgeVerrazano-Narrows, 13700 ft.long,USA 05Longest DamHirakund(India),15.8 miles 06Highest DamRogusky (U.S.S.R.),1066 ft. 07Largest DamKariba (Rhodesia),149000000 acre ft.in volume 08Longest Road Highway TunnelSt.Goldhard(Switzerland),10.01 miles 09Longest SeawaySt.Lawrence seaway(U.S.A.-Canada),189 miles 10Largest Passenger ShipQueen Elizabeth II (83000 tonnes)(U.K.) 11Largest Merchant ShipPierre Guillaumat (france),555031 DWT Tonnage 12Largest Diamond MineAt Kimberly,South Africa 13Largest DiamondCullinan(Over 1 1/2 lbs.) 14Tallest StatueMotherland, an enormous female figure (U.S.S.R.) 15Largest TempleAngkor-Vat (Cambodia), 1400 yds. by 1400 yds. 16Largest ChurchBasilica of St.Peter,Vatican City,611 ft.in length and 18110 sq.yds.in area. 17Tallest ChurchUlm Cathedral (Ger.),529 ft.high 18Largest MosqueJumma Masjid (Delhi),Over 10000 sq.ft. in area 19Largest Indoor TheatreRadio City Music Hall (New York),accommodates 6200 persons. 20Deepest BoringAn oil well of 25340 ft.(Texas, U.S.A.) 21Largest PalaceThe Palace at Vatican City,area 13.5 acres 22Largest University BuildingLomonosov University (Moscow), has 32 stories 23Tallest TowerTokyo Tower (Japan) 1000 ft.high 24Biggest LibraryUnited states Library of congress,Washington D.C. Containing over 41874900 titles. 25Largest Reflector TelescopeMt.Semirodriki (U.S.S.R.) 26Largest BellTsar Kolokol at Kremlin (Moscow),weight 193 tons 27Largest DomeAstrodome in U.S.A.;outside diameter is 216 metres. 28Largest PearlPearl of Allah,weighs 14 lbs.2 oz. 29Biggest Railway StationGrand Central Terminal(New york),with 47 platforms,48 acres in area. 30Longest PortNew York Harbour (U.S.A.) 31Longest CorridorRameshwaram Temple's Corridor (India),400 ft. 32Biggest AuditoriumMunicipal Auditorium at Atlantic City (U.S.A.),covers an area of 7 acres. 33Biggest StadiumStrahov Stadium (Prague),accommodates 240000 spectators. 34Biggest HotelConrad Hilton (Chicago,U.s.A.), has 25 floors. 35Largest AquariumJohn J.Shedd Aquarium,Illinois,(U.S.A.) 36Biggest MuseumAmerican Museum of Natural History has an area of 23 acres. 37Largest ThoroughfareBroadway (New York) 38Highest AirfieldLadakh Airfields (Kashmir,India),14230 ft.above sea-level. 39Biggest ZooEtosha Reserve(S.W.Africa),38500 sq.miles 40Largest ParkYellowstone National Park (USA) 41Longest Railway LineTrans-siberian Railway (USSR) connecting Moscow to Vladivostok 42Largest Office buildingPentagon (Arlington,U.S.A.),over 34 acres of floor area. 43Tallest BuildingSears Tower(Chicago), 442 m. 44Highest Suspension BridgeOver royal Gorge (Colorado,U.S.A.),1053 ft.high 45Longest Cantilever BridgeQuebec (Over St.Lawrence River,Canada),3239 ft.in length. 46Longest Railway BridgeLower Zambesi (Mozambique,Africa),12054 ft. 47Largest Hydro-electric PlantKrasnoyarsk (USSR),6096 M.W. capacity 48Highest Straight Gravity DamBhakra Dam(India), 740 ft. 49Largest SculpturesMount Rushmore National Memorial(Black Hills,S.Dakota,U.S.A.) 50Highest LighthouseBishop Rock (England), 146 ft.high 51Longest ViaductLake Panchhartrain Causeway (Louisiana,U.S.A.), with a total length of 24 miles 52Longest WallGreat Wall of China(1400 miles) 53Longest recognised swimming courseEnglish Channel (23 miles,calais to Dover)

United Nations Organizations : United Nations Organization (U.N.O.) officially came into existence on the 24 October, 1945, by ratification of the Charter by China, France, the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A. October 24 is called the U.N. Day. Purposes of the United Nations : The purposes of the UN are the following : 1) Maintaining international peace and security, 2) Developing friendly relations among nations, 3) Cooperating internationally in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamentalfreedoms and 4) Harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these common ends. Human Rights Day : 10th October is observed as the Human Rights Day. The General Assembly of the UNO, recalling that on 10 December, 1973, the world community would celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Universal Declarationof Human Rights, expressed the hope that this anniversary would be celebrated in a manner which would fit the occasion and serve the cause of human rights. Finance of the U.N. : The U.N. is financed by contributions from member States on the recommendation of the Committee on Contributions. The member States contribute to the expenses of the U.N. budget and to the working Capital Fund. Headquarters and Offices : The headquarters of the U.N. is at New York. The European office is at Geneva, Switzerland. U.N. Information Centres and services are operating at 50 capital centres all over the world. United Nation's Flag : The flag of the U.N. is light blue in colour and emblazoned in white at the centre with the U.N.'s symbol - a polar map of the world embraced by twin olive branches. Organs of the United Nations Organization : The principal organs of the United Nations are : 1) General Assembly, 2) Security Council, 3) Economic and Social Council, 4) Trusteeship Council, 5) International Court of Justice and 6) Secretariat. U.N. International Agencies : The following are U.N. International Agencies : 1. Food and Agricultural Organizational (FAO) Its purpose is to help nations to raise living standards and improve efficiency of farming. Its headquarters is in Rome. 2.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 3. Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization.(IMCO)- It is a specialized body to deal with international shipping. Its headquarters is in London. 4. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)- Its aim is to enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity. Its headquarters is in Viena. 5. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or World Bank. Its headquarters is in Washington. 6. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Its headquarters is in Mont read. 7.International Development Association (IDA) 8.International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Its headquarters is in Rome. 9. International Finance Corporation (IFC)- Its purpose is to promote economic development by investing in new and existing enterprises by bringing together private capital and management. Its headquarters is in Washington. 10. International Labour Organization (ILO)- The purpose of ILO are mainly to contribute to lasting peace by promoting social justice, to improve labour conditions and to promote economic and social stability. Its headquarters is in Geneva. 11. International Monetary Fund (IMF)- It is the world's largest source of readily available international credit. Its headquarters is in Washington. 12.International Telecommunication Union (ITU)- Its headquarters is in Geneva. 13.International Trade Organization (ITo) 14.United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)- Its headquarters is in New York. 15.United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 16.United Nations Disengagement Observe Force (UNDOF) 17.United Nations Development programme (UNDP) 18.United Nations Disaster Relief Coordination Office (UNDRO) 19.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Its headquarters is in Paris. 20.United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 21. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)- Its purpose is to promote industrial development of developing countries. Its headquarters is in Vienna. 22.United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) 23.United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) 24.Universal postal Union (UPU) Its headquarters is in Berne. 25. World Health Organization (WHO). This Organization came into being on April 7 in 1948. Its objective is attainment by all people the highest possible level of health. Its headquarters are at Geneva, Switzerland. April 7 is called the World Health Day. 26.World Food Programme (WFP) 27.World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its headquarters is in Geneva. 28.Special United Nations Fund for Economic Development (SUNFED)

Olympic And Asian Games: Olympic Games YearPlaceState 1928AmsterdamNetherlands 1932Los AngelesU.S.A. 1936BerlinGermany 1948LondonU.K. 1952HelsinkiFinland 1956MelbourneAustralia 1960RomeItaly 1964TokyoJapan 1968Mexico CityMexico 1972MunichGermany 1976MontrealCanada 1980MoscowPrevious USSR 1984Los AngelesUSA 1988SeoulKorean Republic 1992BarcelonaSpain 1996AtlantaUSA 2000SidneyAustralia 2004AthensGreece 2008BeijingChina Asian Games YearPlaceState 1951DelhiIndia 1954ManilaPhilippines 1958TokyoJapan 1962JakartaIndonesia 1966BangkokThailand 1970BangkokThailand 1974TeheranIran 1978BangkokThailand 1982DelhiIndia 1986SeoulSouth Korea 1990BeijingChina 1994HiroshimaJapan 1998BangkokThailand 2002BusanSouth Korea 2006DohaQatar

Record Breakers in Geography: No.SpecilityName 01Longest RiverNile,4145 miles 02Highest PlateauPamir (Tibet) 03Highest VolcanoCotopaxi (Andes,Equador) 04Longest Mountain SystemAndes,South America,8800 km, 05Deepest place in the OceanOff the Island of Mariana Trench,Philippines,36198 ft. 06Lowest point on SurfaceDead Sea,Israel-Jordan,1312 ft.below sea level 07Biggest and deepest OceanPacific Ocean,64186300 sq.miles 08Smallest OceanArctic ocean,5440197 Sq.miles 09Largest north-south stretch of landAmerica 10Largest ContinentAsia,16988000 sq.miles 11Smallest ContinentAustralia,2968000 sq.miles 12Largest River (in volume)Amazon (Brazil) 13Largest River BasinBasin of Amazon,2720000 sq.miles 14Largest Salt Water LakeCaspian Sea(U.S.S.R. and Iran),43550 sq.miles 15Largest fresh water LakeSuperior (31200 Sq.miles) 16Deepest LakeBaikal (Siberia),5315 ft.average depth 17Largest Artificial LakeLake Mead of Boulder Dam (U.S.A.) 18Highest Navigable LakeTiticaca (Peru-Bolivia),12506 ft.above sea level 19Longest StraitsMalacca Straits between Malaysia and Sumatra (Indonesia) 485 miles long. 20Broadest StraitMozambique Straits,between Mozambique and Malagasy, maximum breadth, 245 miles 21Narrowest StraitBetween Greek mainland and the Island of Euboea,narrowest point,45 yds. 22Largest BayBay of Bengal,shoreline,2250 miles 23Largest GulfGulf of Mexico,Shoreline,3100 miles 24Coldest RegionsVerkhoyansk in N.W.Siberia,temperature 94. F below Zero 25Hottest RegionsNoerth-West Sahara Azizia (Libya) 58. C 26Highest mountain peak in the worldEverest 29028 ft.high*(Nepal) 27Densest populationMonaco,(37687 per Sq.mile) 28Largest IslandGreenland,840000 Sq.miles(N.Atlantic) 29Highest TownWenchuan (Tibet),16732 ft.above sea-level 30Highest VillageAucanquiles in Andes,Chile-17500 ft. 31Highest Capital CityLa Paz (Bolivia),11916 ft.above sea-level 32Deepest CanyonHell's Canyon (U.S.A.),7900 ft.deep 33Deepest CaveGouffre Bergea(France),3723 ft.deep 34Biggest DesertSahara(N.Africa),3500000 sq.miles 35Largest PeninsulaIndia 36Largest Inland SeaMediterranean (969100 sq.miles) 37Largest SeaMalaya Sea,314000 Sq.miles 38Largest GorgeGrand Canyon,Colorado River,277 miles long 39Deepest GorgeHells Canyon,Snake River,7900 ft.deep 40Highest RainfallMt.Waialeale,Hawai Islands,460 inches 41Largest ArchipelagoIndonesia,comprising 3000 islands 42Tallest Active Geyser`Giant' in the Yellowstone National Park (U.S.A.),200 ft high 43Longest Coral ReefGreat Barrier Reef(Australia),1260 miles long 44Largest AtollKwajalein,Marshall Islands(Central Pacific)with a 176 miles long coral reef enclosing a lagoon of 1100 Sq.miles 45Highest WaterfallAngel Falls(Venezuela),3212 ft. 46Biggest WaterfallGuaira(Brazil);average annual flow 470000 cu.ft.per sec. 47Largest DeltaSunderban Delta in West Bengal and Bangladesh,8000 sq.miles 48Northernmost TownNy Alesund,Spitsbergen(Norway) 49Southernmost TownPuerto Williams,Chile 50Largest CountryU.S.S.R., 8649550 Sq.miles 51Smallest CountryVatican City, 108.7 acres 52Highest Mountain SystemHimalayas