Abbreviations and Acronyms...... AICTEAll India Council for Technical Education AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom AIIMSAll India Institute of Medical Science APECAsia Pacific Economic Cooperation ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Informa­tion Interchange ASEANAssociation of South East Asian Nations ATMAutomated Teller Machine BIOSBasic Input Output System BPOBusiness Process Outsourcing CDACCentre for the Development of Ad­vanced Computing CDMACode Division Multiple Access CPWDCentral Public Works Department CTBTComprehensive Test Ban Treaty DNADeoxyribo Nucleic Acid DTPDesktop Publishing E-MAILElectronic Mailing EPABXElectronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange FICCIFederation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry FIRFirst Information Report GMTGreenwich Mean Time GPRSGeneral Packet Radio System GPSGlobal Positioning System GSLVGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSMGlobal System for Mobile Communications HIVHuman Immunodeficiency Virus HTMLHypertext Transfer Protocol IBMInternational Business Machines IEEEInstitute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers IMAXImage Maximum ILOInternational Labour Organization IPInternet Protocol ISBNInternational Standard Book Number ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network ISOInternational Standards Organization ISROIndian Space Research Organization JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group LASERLight Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LCDLiquid Crystal Display MICRMagnetic Ink Character Recognition MODEMModulator Demodulator MPEGMotion Picture Experts Group NALCONational Aluminum Company Ltd. NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration NASDAQNational Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation NASSCOMNational Association of Software and Service Companies NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization OPECOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PANPermanent Account Number PINPostal Index Number RADARRadio Detecting and Ranging RAMRandom Access Memory SEBISecurities and Exchange Board of India TINTax Information Network UGCUniversity Grants Commission UNESCOUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEFUnited Nations Children's Fund URLUniform Resource Locator VSATVery Small Aperture Terminals WHOWorld Health Organization WLLWireless in Local Loop WWFWorld Wildlife Fund WWWWorld Wide Web WYSIWYGWhat you see is what you get XMLExtensible Mark-up Language ZIPZone Improvement Plan

Person That recognized as Father/Mother of a subjects...... •Father of Microscopy Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek •Father of Western Medicine Hippocrates •Father of Internet Vint Cerf •Father of the American Constitution James Madison •Father of the Indian Constitution Dr. B.R. Ambedkar •Father of Humanism Francesco Petrarca •Father of Geometry Euclid of Alexandria •Father of New France Samuel de Champlain •Father of Genetics Gregor Mendel •Father of the Green Revolution Norman Ernest Borlaug •Father of the Green Revolution in IndiaM.S Swaminathan •Father of Scientific Management Frederick Winslow Taylor •Father of Biology Aristotle •Father of Evolution Charles Darwin •Father of Microbiology Antonie van Leeuwenhoek •Father of Nuclear Chemistry Otto Hahn •Father of Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev •Father of modern Medicine Hippocrates •Father of Modern Physics Galileo Galilei •Father of Modern Astronomy Nicolaus Copernicus •Father of Nuclear Physics Ernest Rutherford •Father of Nuclear Science Marie Curie and Pierre Curie •Father of Computer Science George Boole and Alan Turing •Father of American Football Walter Camp •Father of Walter Camp Geoffrey Chaucer •Father ofmodern Olympic Pierre De Coubertin •Father of of Numbers Pythagoras •Father of Botany Theophrastus •Father of Electricity Benjamin Franklin •Father of Electonics Michael Faraday •Father of Television Vladimir K. Zworykin •Father of Telephone Alexander Graham Bell •Father of Mobile Phone Martin Cooper •Father of Laptop Bill Moggridge •Father of Psychology Sigmund Freud •Father of Surgery Sushruta •Father of Plastic Surgery Sir Harold Gillies •Father of Ayurveda Dhanwantari

Some interesting facts about English Language and Words: Ø"Forty" is the only number which has its letters in alphabetical order. "One" is the only number with its letters in reverse alphabetical order. ØOf all the words in the English language, the word ' set ' has the most definitions! ØOn reversing the words they spell the same: “Malayalam”, “Liril” and “Madam”. Ø“Stewardesses” is the longest word that is typed with only the left hand. ØNo word in the English language rhymes with month. Ø"Dreamt" is the only English word that ends in the letters "mt". Ø"Underground" is the only word in the English language that begins and ends with the letters "und." ØOnly 3 words in the English language end in "ceed": "proceed," "exceed," and "succeed." ØOf all the languages in the world, English has the largest vocabulary about 800,000 words. ØThe longest word in the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis. The only other word with the same amount of letters is pneumonoultra-microscopicsilicovolcanoconioses, its plural. Ø"Widow" is the only female form in the English language that is shorter than its corresponding male term ("widower"). ØNo language has more synonyms than English. ØThe most common letters in English are R S T L N E. Ø"Go." is the shortest complete sentence in the English language. ØThe only word in English dictionary that sums up exactly 100 is “attitude”. ØThe sentence "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." uses every letter in the alphabet. ØThe longest one syllable word in the English language is “screeched”. ØNo word in the English language rhymes with month, orange, silver, and purple. Ø"Underground" is the only word in the English language that begins and ends with the letters "und." Ø"The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick" is said to be the toughest tongue twister in English. Ø"Four" is the only number whose number of letters in the name equals the number. The letter most in use in the English language is "E" and the letter "Q" is least used. ØThere is only one word in the English language with thee consecutive pairs of double letter.... Bookkeeper ØThere are only four words in the English language which end in"-dous": tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous. ØThere is a seven letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging any of its letters, "therein": the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, here, ere, therein, herein. ØA sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet is called a "pangram". ØA dot over the letter “i” is called a TITTLE. ØNo words in the English language rhyme with orange, silver or purple. ØThe only 15 letter word that can be spelled without repeating a letter is "uncopyrightable." ØThere is a seven letter word in the English language that contains ten words without rearranging any of its letters, "therein": the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein. ØThere are two words in the English language that have all five vowels in order: "abstemious" and "facetious." ØThe word "queue" is the only word in the English language that is still pronounced the same way when the last four letters are removed. ØOnly two English words in current use end in "-gry". They are "angry" and "hungry". ØThe word "triskaidekaphobia" means "fear of Friday the 13th". It also means "superstition about the number thirteen" in general. ØMore English words begin with the letter "s" than with any other letter. ØNo word in the English language rhymes with month, orange, silver, or purple. Ø"Rhythms" is the longest English word without the normal vowels, a, e, i, o, or u. ØThere is a word in the English language with only one vowel, which occurs five times: "indivisibility." ØThe shortest word in the English language with all its letters in alphabetical order is the word "almost." ØThe letter most in use in the English language is "E" and the letter "Q" is least used. ØOut of all the eight letter words in the English language, only one has only one vowel in it: "strength"

Oscar Winner 2013: ·Best Picture"Argo" ·ActorDaniel Day-Lewis for "Lincoln" ·ActressJennifer Lawrence for "Silver Linings Playbook" ·DirectingAng Lee for "Life of Pi" ·Supporting ActorChristoph Waltz for "Django Unchained" ·Supporting ActressAnne Hathaway for "Les Misérables" ·Documentary Short Subject"Innocente" ·Documentary Feature"Searching for Sugar Man" ·Original Song"Skyfall" ·Original Score"Life of Pi" ·Animated Short Film"Paper Man" ·Animated Feature Film"Brave" ·Foreign Language Film"Amour" ·CinematographyClaudio Miranda for "Life of Pi" ·Visual Effects"Life of Pi" ·Costume Design"Anna Karenina" ·Makeup and Hairstyling"Les Miserables" ·Live Action Short Film"Curfew" ·Film Editing"Argo" ·Production Design"Lincoln" ·Sound Mixing"Les Miserables” ·Sound Editing"Zero Dark Thirty" and "Skyfall" ·Adapted ScreenplayChris Terrio for "Argo" ·Original ScreenplayQuentin Tarantion for "Django Unchained"

Oscar Award: *.An Oscar stands 34cm tall and weighs 8.5 pounds. *.The first Oscar awards were presented on May 16, 1929, Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. *.The “Red carpet” at the Kodak Theatre is about 500 feet long. *.From 2002, Dolby Theatre (formerly known as Kodak Theatre) is the permanent host for Oscar ceremonies. *.Emil Jannings is the first person to receive the statuette of Oscar. He received Oscar for Best Actor in 1929. *.R. S. Owens and Company manufactures Oscar statuettes in Chicago since 1982. *.Katharine Hepburn won four best actress Oscars, most by any actor or actress. *.Ben Hur, Titanic and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, these three films win 11 Oscars. They create the record of most Oscars ever won by a single film. *.The Return of the King is the only film ever to have won every single Oscar it was nominated for. *.Tatum O’Neal is the youngest ever Oscar winner at the age of 10. She won best supporting actress for the film “Paper Moon”. *.Walt Disney was nominated for 64, and won 26. He has won more Oscars than anyone else. *.“It Happened One Night, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and The Silence of the Lambs” is the only three films have even won all top five Oscars - Best Film, Actor, Actress, Director and Writing. *.“Gone with the Wind” is the longest Picture that won Best Picture award winner with 234 minutes. *.Titanic holds the record of highest nomination with 14 each. *.Hattie McDaniel is the first Black actress to win an Oscar in 1940 for Best Supporting Actress in Gone with the Wind. *.Sidney Poitier is the first black actor to win an Oscar in 1963. *.George Bernard Shaw was the only Nobel Laureate who also won an Oscar in 1938 for Pygmalion. *.Adrien Brody is the youngest actor to win Best Actor award at the age of 29, for The Pianist. *.The oldest actor to win Oscar for Best Actor is 76 year-old Henry Fonda. *.Oscars' unluckiest nominee is Kevin O’Connell, holds the record for the most nominations with 20 and no wins. *.Kathryn Bigelow is the first woman to win the Oscar as best director for "The Hurt Locker". *.“Avatar” currently holds the record for most expensive movie ever to win an Oscar. *.The oldest person to win an Oscar was Jessica Tandy in 1990 at the age of 81. *.Halle Berry is the first black actress to win Oscar for Best Actress.