Invention and Inventors..... What Who When Country Automatic calculator Wilhelm Schickard 1623 Germany Adding machine Blaise Pascal 1642 France Animation Emile Reynaud 1892 France Aspirin Dr. Felix Hoffman 1899 Germany Antiseptic Dr. Joseph Lister 1867 England Atom Bomb Julius Robert Oppenheimer 1945 U.S Barometer Evangelista Torricelli 1643 ITALY Ballpoint Pen László Bíró 1938 France Bifocal Lens Benjamin Franklin 1784 U.S Cement Joseph Aspdin 1824 England Cadmium Friedrich Stromeyer 1817 Germany Clarinet Johann Christoph Denner 1690 Germany Cash register James Ritty 1879 USA Cinema Lumiere brothers 1894 France Dental Plate Anthony A. Plantson 1817 U.S Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel 1895 Germany Dynamite Alfred B. Nobel 1867 Sweden Electronic calculator IBM 1954 USA Electric stove/cooker William S. Hadaway 1896 USA Electric Battery Volta 1800 Italian Electric Generator Michael Faraday 1831 UK Electric Lamp Thomas Alva Edison 1879 U.S Electromagnet William Sturgeon 1824 England Elevator Elisha G. Otis 1852 U.S Fountain Pen Lewis Edson Waterman 1884 U.S Gramophone Thomas Edison 1878 U.S Gyrocompass Elmer A. Sperry 1908 U.S Hot air balloon Josef and Etienne Montgolfier 1783 France Helicopter Igor Sikorsky 1939 Russia Jet Engine Hans Von Ohain 1936 Germany Light bulb Heinrich Goebel 1854 Germany Lightning Conductor Benjamin Franklin 1752 U.S Microwave oven Percy Spencer 1947 USA Machine Gun Richard Gaffing 1861 U.S Motor Scooter Greville Bradshaw 1919 England Microscope Zacharis Janssen 1590 Netherlands Pacemaker Dr. Paul Zoll 1952 USA Pocket watch Peter Henlein 1510 Germany Pendulum clock Christiaan Huygens 1657 Netherlands Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori 1700 Italy Parachute Jean Pierre Blanchard 1785 France Revolver Samuel Colt 1835 U.S Small Pox Vaccine Edward Jenner 1796 England Steam engine Thomas Savery 1698 UK Steam boat John Fitch 1786 USA Saxophone Adolphe Sax 1846 Belgium Steam-powered airship Henri Giffard 1852 France Soft contact lenses Otto Wichterle 1961 Czech Stethoscope René Laennec 1816 France Submarine David Bushnell 1776 U.S Synthesizer Dr. Robert Arthur Moog 1964 U.S Telegraph Samuel Morse 1844 USA Telephone Scott Alexander Graham Bell 1874 Canada Time Recorder Harlow Bundy 1890 U.S Typewriter Peter Mitterhofer 1864 Austria Vaccination Dr. Edward Jenner 1796 England Vacuum Cleaner Ives McGaffey 1869 U.S X-ray Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1895 Germany

Nobel Prize ...... *.Alfred Nobel on 27 November 1895 signed his will for Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. *.The prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace were first awarded in 1901. *.In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Science to Award Nobel Prize in Economics. *.Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo, Norway. Other prizes are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden. *.Total 555 Nobel Prizes has been awarded between 1901 to 2012 (839 Laureates and 24 organizations) *.First Recipient of Nobel Prizes in 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (Physics) Jacobus Henricus Van 't Hoff (Chemistry) Emil Adolf von Behring (Physiology or Medicine) Sully Prudhomme (Literature) Jean Henry Dunant, Frédéric Passy (Peace Prize) *.In 1969, Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen are the first recipient of Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. *.21 individual organizations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. *.First Organization to Received Nobel Prize is Institute of International Law in 1904. *.International Committee of the Red Cross has been awarded three times, in 1917, 1944 and 1963. *.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, has received the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981. *.Till now Nobel Prize awarded 44 times to women. *.Marie Curie is the first woman to received Nobel Prize in 1903. *.Only one woman, Marie Curie, has been honoured twice, with the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. *.The youngest Nobel Laureates is Lawrence Bragg at the age of 25 in Physics, 1915. *.The oldest Nobel Laureates is Leonid Hurwicz at the age of 90 Economic Sciences, 2007. *.Four people have received two Nobel Prizes:Marie Curie , Linus Pauling, John Bardeen, Frederick Sanger. *.Marie Curie is the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences. *.With total five, Curie family has received the most prizes: (Marie Curie received 2,Pierre Curie received 1,Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie received 1,Henry Labouisse received 1). *.Till now two People decline Nobel Prize. First person to declined the Nobel Prize is Jean-Paul Sartre, in 1964 in Literature. *.First Nobel Laureates to be awarded under arrest is Carl von Ossietzky, Germany. *.Nobel Prize has only been awarded posthumously twice: Dag Hammarskjöld 1961 and Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1931. *.Nobel Prize winner of 2012: Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland (Physics) Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka ( Chemistry) Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka (Physiology or Medicine) Mo Yan (Literature) European Union (Peace Prize) Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley (Economic Sciences)

Places known by their Alternate Name.... Battleground of EuropeBelgium Blue Mountains of IndiaNilgiri Hills City of LightParis City of PalacesKolkata, India City of JoyKolkata, India City of Golden GateSan Francisco City of Seven HillsRome City of Golden TempleAmritsar, India CockPit of EuropeBelgium Dark ContinentAfrica Diamond City in IndiaSurat, Gujarat Eternal CityRome Forbidden CityLhasa, Tibet Granite CityAberdeen, Scotland Garden City of IndiaBangalore Gift of NileEgypt Island of PearlsBahrain Land of Golden FleeceAustralia Land of KangarooAustralia Land of CakesScotland Land of Thousand LakesFinland Land of Golden PagodaMyanmar Land of Midnight SunNorway Land of Thousand ElephantsLaos Land of Rising SunJapan Land of MapleCanada Land of CanalsNetherlands Land of White ElephantThailand Land of WindmillsNetherlands Land of ThunderboltBhutan Land of Long White CloudNew Zealand Manchester of JapanOsaka Playground of EuropeSwitzerland Pearl of AntillesCuba Queen of Arabian SeaCochin, India Roof of WorldPamirs Sick Man of EuropeTurkey Sugar Bowl of WorldCuba Sorrow of ChinaRiverHwang Ho Scotland of EastShillong, India White cityBelgrade Venice of EastAlappuzha, Kerala Venice of NorthStockholm

Amazing Human Body: *.The largest organ in the body is the skin. *.The liver is the largest gland and the largest internal organ in the human body. *.The brain uses over a quarter of the oxygen used by the human body. *.Our heart beats around 100000 times a day, 36500000 times a year and over a billion times if you live beyond 30. *.Length of thumb is the same with nose. *.Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. They are created inside the bone marrow. *.It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body. *.The biggest muscle in the body is gluteus maximus, in the buttock. *.The lungs contain over 300,000 million capillaries.If they were laid end to end, they would stretch 2400km. *.Every drop of blood in human body is filtered by the body over 300 times a day. *.The ovum is the largest cell in the human body. *.The smallest is the male sperm cell; it is one-tenth of the diameter of a human hair. *.Adult lungs have a surface area of around 70 square meters. *.The stapes is the smallest bone in the body. It's located in the inner ear. *.The acid in stomach is strong enough to dissolve razor blades. *.Nose and Ears continue growing throughout entire life. *.Each person has a unique tongue print just like the fingerprints. *.The longest muscle in the body is Sartorius. *.The smallest muscle in the body is Stapedius, deep in the ear. It is thinner than a thread and 0.05 inches (0.127 centimeters) in length. *.Enamel is hardest substance in the human body. *.All babies are color blind when they are born, they only see black & white. *.The tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body. *.It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown. *.The adult body is made up of: 100 trillion cells, 206 bones, 600 muscles, and 22 internal organs. *.Bones in an adult account for 14% of the body's total weight. *.A baby born with 300 bones in their body, but as an adult we have 206 bones. *.200 muscles used to take one step. *.The strongest bone in your body is the femur (thighbone) and it's hollow. It is also the longest and largest bone in Human body. *.The normal pulse is 70 heartbeats per minute. *.Blood is 6 times thicker than water. *.Facial hair grows faster than any other hair on the body. *.Our kidneys filter about 1.3 liters of blood every minute & expel up to 1.4 liters of urine in a day. *.The only part of the body without blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It takes in oxygen directly from the air. *.An average human produces 10,000 gallons of saliva in a lifetime. *.The fastest growing nail is on the middle finger. *.14 bones make up the human face. *.The human heart creates enough pressure while pumping to squirt blood to 30 feet. *.The tooth is the only part of the human body that can’t repair itself.

London Olympic Medal Table...... Position Country Gold Silver Bronze Total 1 United States 46 29 29 104 2 China 38 27 23 88 3 Great Britain 29 17 19 65 4 Russia 24 26 32 82 5 South Korea 13 8 7 28 6 Germany 11 19 14 44 7 France 11 11 12 34 8 Italy 8 9 11 28 9 Hungary 8 4 5 17 10 Australia 7 16 12 35 11 Japan 7 14 17 38 12 Kazakhstan 7 1 5 13 13 Netherlands 6 6 8 20 14 Ukraine 6 5 10 21 15 New Zealand 6 2 5 13 16 Cuba 5 3 6 14 17 Iran 4 5 3 12 18 Jamaica 4 4 4 12 19 Czech Republic 4 3 3 10 20 North Korea 4 0 2 6 21 Spain 3 10 4 17 22 Brazil 3 5 9 17 23 South Africa 3 2 1 6 24 Ethiopia 3 1 3 7 25 Croatia 3 1 2 6 26 Belarus 2 5 5 12 27 Romania 2 5 2 9 28 Kenya 2 4 5 11 29 Denmark 2 4 3 9 30 Azerbaijan 2 2 6 10 30 Poland 2 2 6 10 32 Turkey 2 2 1 5 33 Switzerland 2 2 0 4 34 Lithuania 2 1 2 5 35 Norway 2 1 1 4 36 Canada 1 5 12 18 37 Sweden 1 4 3 8 38 Colombia 1 3 4 8 39 Georgia 1 3 3 7 39 Mexico 1 3 3 7 41 Ireland 1 1 3 5 42 Slovenia 1 1 2 4 42 Serbia 1 1 2 4 42 Argentina 1 1 2 4 45 Tunisia 1 1 1 3 46 Dominican Republic 1 1 0 2 47 Trinidad and Tobago 1 0 3 4 47 Uzbekistan 1 0 3 4 49 Latvia 1 0 1 2 50 Algeria 1 0 0 1 50 Grenada 1 0 0 1 50 Bahamas 1 0 0 1 50 Uganda 1 0 0 1 50 Venezuela 1 0 0 1 55 India 0 2 4 6 56 Mongolia 0 2 3 5 57 Thailand 0 2 1 3 58 Egypt 0 2 0 2 59 Slovakia 0 1 3 4 60 Belgium 0 1 2 3 60 Finland 0 1 2 3 60 Armenia 0 1 2 3 63 Malaysia 0 1 1 2 63 Chinese Taipei 0 1 1 2 63 Indonesia 0 1 1 2 63 Estonia 0 1 1 2 63 Puerto Rico 0 1 1 2 63 Bulgaria 0 1 1 2 69 Guatemala 0 1 0 1 69 Montenegro 0 1 0 1 69 Portugal 0 1 0 1 69 Botswana 0 1 0 1 69 Gabon 0 1 0 1 69 Cyprus 0 1 0 1 75 Qatar 0 0 2 2 75 Greece 0 0 2 2 75 Moldova 0 0 2 2 75 Singapore 0 0 2 2 79 Afghanistan 0 0 1 1 79 Bahrain 0 0 1 1 79 Hong Kong 0 0 1 1 79 Kuwait 0 0 1 1 79 Morocco 0 0 1 1 79 Saudi Arabia 0 0 1 1 79 Tajikistan 0 0 1 1