All Nobel Prizes (1957-1962): 1962 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962 Lev Davidovich Landau "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962 Max Ferdinand PerutzandJohn Cowdery Kendrew "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 Francis Harry Compton Crick,James Dewey WatsonandMaurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 John Steinbeck "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception" The Nobel Peace Prize 1962 Linus Carl Pauling 1961 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961 Robert Hofstadter "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons" Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961 Melvin Calvin "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961 Georg von Békésy "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1961 Ivo Andric "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country" The Nobel Peace Prize 1961 Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld 1960 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser "for the invention of the bubble chamber" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 Willard Frank Libby "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane BurnetandPeter Brian Medawar "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960 Saint-John Perse "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time" The Nobel Peace Prize 1960 Albert John Lutuli 1959 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959 Emilio Gino SegrèandOwen Chamberlain "for their discovery of the antiproton" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959 Jaroslav Heyrovsky "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 Severo OchoaandArthur Kornberg "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times" The Nobel Peace Prize 1959 Philip J. Noel-Baker 1958 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov,Il´ja Mikhailovich FrankandIgor Yevgenyevich Tamm "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 Frederick Sanger "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958 George Wells BeadleandEdward Lawrie Tatum "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" Joshua Lederberg "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958 Boris Leonidovich Pasternak "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" The Nobel Peace Prize 1958 Georges Pire 1957 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957 Chen Ning YangandTsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957 Lord (Alexander R.) Todd "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957 Daniel Bovet "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1957 Albert Camus "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times" The Nobel Peace Prize 1957 Lester Bowles Pearson

All Nobel Prizes (1963-1966): 1966 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1966 Alfred Kastler "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966 Robert S. Mulliken "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 Peyton Rous "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses" Charles Brenton Huggins "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people" Nelly Sachs "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength" The Nobel Peace Prize 1966 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section. 1965 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga,Julian SchwingerandRichard P. Feynman "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 Robert Burns Woodward "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965 François Jacob,André LwoffandJacques Monod "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people" The Nobel Peace Prize 1965 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1964 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964 Charles Hard Townes,Nicolay Gennadiyevich BasovandAleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964 Konrad BlochandFeodor Lynen "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age" The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 Martin Luther King Jr. 1963 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963 Eugene Paul Wigner "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" Maria Goeppert MayerandJ. Hans D. Jensen "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963 Karl ZieglerandGiulio Natta "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963 Sir John Carew Eccles,Alan Lloyd HodgkinandAndrew Fielding Huxley "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1963 Giorgos Seferis "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture" The Nobel Peace Prize 1963 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)

All Nobel Prizes (1967-1971): 1971 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 Dennis Gabor "for his invention and development of the holographic method" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971 Gerhard Herzberg "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1971 Pablo Neruda "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams" The Nobel Peace Prize 1971 Willy Brandt The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1971 Simon Kuznets "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development" 1970 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén "for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro- dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics" Louis Eugène Félix Néel "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970 Luis F. Leloir "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970 Sir Bernard Katz,Ulf von EulerandJulius Axelrod "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970 Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1970 Norman E. Borlaug The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1970 Paul A. Samuelson "for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science" 1969 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1969 Murray Gell-Mann "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969 Derek H. R. BartonandOdd Hassel "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 Max Delbrück,Alfred D. HersheyandSalvador E. Luria "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969 Samuel Beckett "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation" The Nobel Peace Prize 1969 International Labour Organization (I.L.O.) The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969 Ragnar FrischandJan Tinbergen "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes" 1968 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1968 Luis Walter Alvarez "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968 Lars Onsager "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 Robert W. Holley,Har Gobind KhoranaandMarshall W. Nirenberg "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1968 Yasunari Kawabata "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind" The Nobel Peace Prize 1968 René Cassin 1967 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967 Manfred Eigen,Ronald George Wreyford NorrishandGeorge Porter "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967 Ragnar Granit,Haldan Keffer HartlineandGeorge Wald "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1967 Miguel Angel Asturias "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America" The Nobel Peace Prize 1967 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.

All Nobel Prizes (1972-1975): 1975 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1975 Aage Niels Bohr,Ben Roy MottelsonandLeo James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975 John Warcup Cornforth "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions" Vladimir Prelog "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975 David Baltimore,Renato DulbeccoandHoward Martin Temin "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975 Eugenio Montale "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions" The Nobel Peace Prize 1975 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975 Leonid Vitaliyevich KantorovichandTjalling C. Koopmans "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" 1974 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 Sir Martin RyleandAntony Hewish "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974 Paul J. Flory "for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974 Albert Claude,Christian de DuveandGeorge E. Palade "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974 Eyvind Johnson "for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom" Harry Martinson "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos" The Nobel Peace Prize 1974 Seán MacBride Eisaku Sato The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974 Gunnar MyrdalandFriedrich August von Hayek "for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena" 1973 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 Leo EsakiandIvar Giaever "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively" Brian David Josephson "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973 Ernst Otto FischerandGeoffrey Wilkinson "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973 Karl von Frisch,Konrad LorenzandNikolaas Tinbergen "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1973 Patrick White "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1973 Henry A. Kissinger Le Duc Tho The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973 Wassily Leontief "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems" 1972 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972 John Bardeen,Leon Neil CooperandJohn Robert Schrieffer "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972 Christian B. Anfinsen "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" Stanford MooreandWilliam H. Stein "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 Gerald M. EdelmanandRodney R. Porter "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1972 Heinrich Böll "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature" The Nobel Peace Prize 1972 No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1972 John R. HicksandKenneth J. Arrow "for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"

All Nobel Prizes (1976-1979): 1979 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow,Abdus SalamandSteven Weinberg "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979 Herbert C. BrownandGeorg Wittig "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979 Allan M. CormackandGodfrey N. Hounsfield "for the development of computer assisted tomography" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1979 Odysseus Elytis "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness" The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 Mother Teresa The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979 Theodore W. SchultzandSir Arthur Lewis "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries" 1978 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" Arno Allan PenziasandRobert Woodrow Wilson "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978 Peter D. Mitchell "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 Werner Arber,Daniel NathansandHamilton O. Smith "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life" The Nobel Peace Prize 1978 Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat Menachem Begin The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978 Herbert A. Simon "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" 1977 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 Philip Warren Anderson,Sir Nevill Francis MottandJohn Hasbrouck van Vleck "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977 Ilya Prigogine "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 Roger GuilleminandAndrew V. Schally "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" Rosalyn Yalow "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1977 Vicente Aleixandre "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars" The Nobel Peace Prize 1977 Amnesty International The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1977 Bertil OhlinandJames E. Meade "for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements" 1976 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976 Burton RichterandSamuel Chao Chung Ting "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976 William N. Lipscomb "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976 Baruch S. BlumbergandD. Carleton Gajdusek "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976 Saul Bellow "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work" The Nobel Peace Prize 1976 Betty Williams Mairead Corrigan The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976 Milton Friedman "for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"