1930 – 1939 World History Amelia Earhart (1897–1937) The Library of Congress Picture Collection Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945) National Archives and Records Admin. Adolf Hitler (1889–1945) National Archives and Records Admin. Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) Archive Photos 1930 Britain, U.S., Japan, France, and Italy sign naval disarmament treaty. Nazisgain in German elections. Cyclotrondeveloped by Ernest O. Lawrence, U.S. physicist. Pluto discovered by astronomers. 1931 Spain becomes a republic with overthrow of King Alfonso XIII. German industrialists finance 800,000-strong Nazi party. British parliament enacts statute of Westminster, legalizing dominion equality with Britain. Mukden Incidentbegins Japanese occupation of Manchuria. In U.S., Hooverproposes one-year moratorium of war debts. Harold C. Ureydiscovers heavy hydrogen. Gangster Al Caponesentenced to 11 years in prison for tax evasion (freed in1939;dies in 1947). Notorious Scottsboro trialbegins, exposing depth of Southern racism. “The Star Spangled Banner”officially becomes national anthem. 1932 Nazislead in German elections with 230 Reichstagseats. Famine in USSR. In U.S., Congress sets up Reconstruction Finance Corporationto stimulate economy. Veterans march on Washington—most leave after Senate rejects payment of cash bonuses; others removed by troops under Douglas MacArthur. U.S. protests Japanese aggression in Manchuria. Amelia Earhartis first woman to fly Atlantic solo. Charles A. Lindbergh's baby son kidnapped, killed. ( Bruno Richard Hauptmannarrested in1934,convicted in1935,executed in1936.) 1933 Hitlerappointed German chancellor, gets dictatorial powers. Reichstag fire in Berlin; Naziterror begins. Germany and Japan withdraw from League of Nations. Giuseppe Zangara executed for attempted assassinationof president-elect Roosevelt in which Chicago mayor Cermak is fatally shot. Rooseveltinaugurated (“the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”); launches New Deal. Prohibitionrepealed. USSRrecognized by U.S. 1934 Chancellor Dollfussof Austria assassinated by Nazis. Hitlerbecomes führer. USSR admitted to League of Nations. Dionne sisters, first quintuplets to survive beyond infancy, born in Canada. Mao Zedongbegins the Long Marchnorth with 100,000 soldiers. 1935 Saarincorporated into Germany after plebiscite. Nazis repudiate Versailles Treaty, introduce compulsory military service. Mussoliniinvades Ethiopia; League of Nations invokes sanctions. Roosevelt opens second phase of New Dealin U.S., calling for social security, better housing, equitable taxation, and farm assistance. Huey Longassassinated in Louisiana. 1936 Germans occupy Rhineland. Italy annexes Ethiopia. Rome-Berlin Axisproclaimed (Japan to join in 1940). Trotskyexiled to Mexico. King George Vdies; succeeded by son, Edward VIII, who soon abdicates to marry an American-born divorcée, and is succeeded by brother, George VI. Spanish civil warbegins. Hundreds of Americans join the “Lincoln Brigades.” ( Franco's fascist forces defeat Loyalist forces by1939,when Madrid falls.) War between China and Japanbegins, to continue through World War II. Japan and Germany sign anti- Cominternpact; joined by Italy in1937. 1937 Hitlerrepudiates war guilt clause of Versailles Treaty; continues to build German power. Italy withdraws from League of Nations. U.S. gunboatPanaysunk by Japanese in Yangtze River. Japan invades China, conquers most of coastal area. Amelia Earhartlost somewhere in Pacific on round-the-world flight. Picasso'sGuernicamural. 1938 Hitlermarches into Austria; political and geographical union of Germany and Austria proclaimed. Munich Pact> Britain, France, and Italy agree to let Germany partition Czechoslovakia. Douglas “Wrong-Way” Corrigan flies from New York to Dublin. Fair Labor Standards Act establishes minimum wage. Orson Welles's radio broadcastWar of the Worlds. 1939 Germany invades Poland; occupies Bohemia and Moravia; renounces pact with England and concludes 10-year non-aggression pact with USSR. Russo- Finnish Warbegins; Finns to lose one-tenth of territory in 1940peace treaty. World War II begins.(For detailed chronology, see World War II.) In U.S., Rooseveltsubmits $1,319-million defense budget, proclaims U.S. neutrality, and declares limited emergency. Einsteinwrites FDR about feasibility of atomic bomb. New York World's Fair opens. DAR refuses to allow Marian Anderson to perform.Gone with the Windpremieres.